Men and women during the economic crisis

Abstract

A Almansa-Martínez, R Gómez de Travesedo-Rojas (2017): "Stereotypes about women in Spanish high-end women"s magazines during the economic crisis". Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 72, pp. 608 to 628. Abstract Introduction: This research study aims to determine whether high-end commercial women"s magazines have adapted the female stereotypes they present in their pages to the new situation of economic crisis that has affected Spain in recent years. Methods: The study is based on the content analysis of the advertising and information contents of the four most representative magazines, in terms of readership and circulation: Cosmopolitan, Glamour, Elle and Vogue. The analysis focuses on the issues published in July, August and September of 2007, 2011 and 2014. Results and conclusions: The results indicate that the advertising and information contents of the sample of magazines no longer promote the archetype of the superwoman, which was predominant during the last century, and now present a new female model, the glamorous and fashionable woman, who is interested in fashion and is sometimes associated with luxury and exclusiveness.

Exposing Gender Inequalities: Impacts of Covid-19 on Aotearoa ǀ New Zealand Employment

“…The corresponding recovery efforts has improved men's employment at a rate faster than that of women's (Périver, 2014). In contrast, the Covid-19 pandemic is resulting in a so-called "pink-collar recession", leaving thousands of women jobless and with substantially more unpaid care work.…”

Between Social Protests and a Global Pandemic: Working Transitions under the Economic Effects of COVID-19

“…Their concentration in counter-cyclical sectors protects women from unemployment, as they are not affected directly by common recessions. On the other side, male employment is on the front line of job destruction (Périvier 2014), which is one of the reasons why economic recessions were often called "man-cessions" (Bredemeier et al 2017;Perri and Steinberg 2012;Strolovitch 2013), as men are more likely to lose their jobs during economic crises than women, who most of the time become the "shock absorbers" of crises (Beneria and Feldman 1992;Chant 1994;Hite and Viterna 2005). For example, during the Indonesian crisis, many women joined family business, making a major contribution to mitigating the impact of such a crisis on family income (Thomas et al 2000).…”

“…The allocation of these positions is largely related to the norms and values existing around gender relations and the division of paid and unpaid work (Korpi 2000;Lewis 1992;Pfau-Effinger 2005), where women are often assumed to be carers first and labor force participants second, acting as voluntary or involuntary labor reserve (Bruegel 1979). The "flexible" nature of female employment would encourage them to work during economic upturns, but, in turn, they are expelled from the labor market during recessions (Périvier 2014). Additionally, because of the care penalty, women increase their presence in atypical and precarious jobs, occupying part-time jobs and temporary contracts with a higher incidence (Pérez Ortiz et al 2020).…”

Effect of the Great Crisis on Sectoral Female Employment in Europe: A Structural Decomposition Analysis

“…The latest economic recession had a gendered impact on labor markets. The basic explanation for this, in the case of the EU, lies in the high level of gender segregation in EU labor markets, where the crisis had a sectoral dimension and the public policies implemented to tackle it were too sector-oriented (Périvier 2014). Connelly and Kongar (2017) report that the first effects of the recession in several industrialized countries were felt in the manufacturing and construction industries and certain branches of the financial sector.…”

“…Specifically, input-output tables and the demand model developed by Leontief (1974) are used to conduct a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) 3 . This involves computing the number of jobs created in a given sector focusing not only on the employer sector, but also on the indirect 3 Other decompositions, based on shift-share analysis, can be found in the literature, but they consider only two components: the demographic effect and the participation effect (Rubery 1988;Périvier 2014;Rubery and Rafferty 2013). generation of employment through inter-sectoral links (Gunluk-Senesen and Senesen 2011).…”