MEMS for enhanced optical diagnostics in endoscopy

Abstract

Endoluminal microscopy and spectroscopy could significantly improve the efficiency of clinical endoscopic examination by allowing in-situ detection, staging and grading of potentially cancerous lesions. Indeed, high-end optical microscopy techniques such as confocal, coherence-gated and single-/multi-photon microscopy today deliver optical histology information and spectrally/spatially resolved measurements of tissue reflectance allow grading and staging of precancerous/cancerous lesions. Owing to the brisk development of MEMS technologies, miniaturization requirements satisfying the dimension requirements for endoscope integration have been met within the last decade and the present paper will report on the current and future development of MEMS-based endoscopes for optical diagnosis.

A practice survey to compare and identify the usefulness of neuroendoscope and exoscope in the current neurosurgery practice

“…The use of a microelectro mechanical system has improved light discrimination to view different structures of the brain when obtaining an image. [ 10 ]…”

“…[9] Neuroendoscopes A 0-degree angled eyepiece olympus endoscope for endoscope-assisted Microneurosurgery Figure 1 The use of a microelectro mechanical system has improved light discrimination to view different structures of the brain when obtaining an image. [10] (KARL STORZ GmbH and Co., Tuttlingen, Germany).…”

A Journey into the Technical Evolution of Neuroendoscopy

“…In terms of optics and visualization through the endoscope, use of a microelectromechanical system has improved light discrimination to view different structures of the brain when obtaining an image (11). Not only does a micro-electromechanical system enhance optical diagnosis, but it also meets the requirements of a miniaturized optical system within an endoscope.…”

Transient Room Lighting for Ambient Light Multiphoton Microscopy

“…Techniques include capturing light spectra, fluorescence lifetime [12,13], polarization [14] with fluorescence microscopy and light backscattering with optical coherence tomography [15][16][17]. Other light-based techniques involve endoscopy [18][19][20][21], computer vision, and pattern recognition-based techniques that work with regular video cameras [22][23][24], for example, to obtain surface structure information in a surgery setting. Highly light sensitive techniques include methods involving extrinsic or intrinsic fluorescent reporters in microscopy, marking relevant tissue types or biomolecules, and more recently in clinical applications such as the fluorescent marking of tumors for pathology and surgery [25,26].…”