Memory Self-Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in the Aged

Hultsch, David F.; Hertzog, Christopher; Dixon, Roger A.; Davidson, Heather

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3852-2_3

Cited by 207 publications

(381 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This analysis revealed that young subjects had higher mean central load levels and therefore could cope with objectively more difficult WM tasks than old subjects in all WM domains [main effect of age: F(1,18) = 17.71; P = 0.001]. This result is in accordance with previous reports showing that WM performance decreases with increasing age (12)(13)(14). Furthermore, the ANOVA yielded a main effect of domain [F(2,36) = 18.21; P < 0.00001], but no significant interaction between age and domain [F(2,36) = 1.44; P = 0.250].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Actually, in the studies that have shown the HAROLD phenomenon (2)(3)(4)(5)11), all subjects worked on the same memory tasks despite the fact that cognitive performance of older adults deteriorates, and WM is one of the most affected cognitive functions (12)(13)(14). This cognitive deterioration might make a task subjectively more demanding for older subjects, so that they need the recruitment of contralateral counterparts in prefrontal cortex to perform as well as the young subjects (14)(15)(16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Höller-Wallscheid

Thier

Pomper

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Elderly adults may master challenging cognitive demands by additionally recruiting the cross-hemispheric counterparts of otherwise unilaterally engaged brain regions, a strategy that seems to be at odds with the notion of lateralized functions in cerebral cortex. We wondered whether bilateral activation might be a general coping strategy that is independent of age, task content and brain region. While using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we pushed young and old subjects to their working memory (WM) capacity limits in verbal, spatial, and object domains. Then, we compared the fMRI signal reflecting WM maintenance between hemispheric counterparts of various task-relevant cerebral regions that are known to exhibit lateralization. Whereas language-related areas kept their lateralized activation pattern independent of age in difficult tasks, we observed bilaterality in dorsolateral and anterior prefrontal cortex across WM domains and age groups. In summary, the additional recruitment of cross-hemispheric counterparts seems to be an age-independent domain-general strategy to master cognitive challenges. This phenomenon is largely confined to prefrontal cortex, which is arguably less specialized and more flexible than other parts of the brain. working memory | subjective task difficulty | lateralization | prefrontal cortex | cognitive aging

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Höller-Wallscheid

Thier

Pomper

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Such studies have typically recruited their samples in the late 60s or early 70s, but there are also studies that have provided initial looks at octogenarians and even centenarians. Noteworthy examples of such studies are the Duke Longitudinal Study (Palmore, Busse, Maddox, Nowlin, & Siegler, 1985), the Swedish Betula Study (Nilsson et al, 1997), the German Berlin Aging Study (BASE; Baltes & Mayer, 1999), and the Victoria Longitudinal Study (Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon, & Small, 1998).…”

Section: Studies Originating In Later Lifementioning

confidence: 99%

What Can We Learn From Longitudinal Studies of Adult Development?

Kw¹

2005

Research in Human Development

174

123

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This article distinguishes between normal and pathological aging, provides an interdisciplinary context, and then considers a sample case of cognitive aging. Developmental influences on cognition include the physiological infrastructure, genetic predispositions, and environmental influences. Different types of longitudinal studies are distinguished, and contrasting findings of cross-sectional and longitudinal are examined in the sample case of the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Also considered is the longitudinal context for intervention studies and the role of longitudinal family studies in assessing rate of aging and generational differences in rates of aging. Finally, attention is given to the role of longitudinal studies in the early detection of risk for dementia in advanced age.In this article I distinguish between normal and pathological aging, provide some historical context, discuss shifts in relevant methodological paradigms, provide an interdisciplinary context, and then consider a sample case of cognitive aging in greater detail.A distinction is made between age related declines that should be attributed either to neuropathology or to disuse and obsolescence. But aging can also be considered as development in domains such as experience and wisdom, and we must distinguish between successful and unsuccessful aging.The study of adult development originated in the early mental testing movement. Crosssectional findings of substantial age-related declines from early to late adulthood soon motivated the development of longitudinal studies. Other methodological paradigm shifts of importance to longitudinal inquiry have involved advances in the measurement of age, confirmatory factor analysis, and treatment of age as the dependent variable.I then present a model that considers the roles of age-related changes in the physiological infrastructure, genetic predispositions, and environmental influences. Different types of longitudinal studies are distinguished, and contrasting findings of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are examined in the sample case of the Seattle Longitudinal Study.Selected findings from this study are presented to discuss the complex interaction of longitudinal age changes and cohort differences. The latter introduces the role of longitudinal family studies in assessing rate of aging and generational differences in rates of aging. Also, I briefly consider the longitudinal context for intervention studies designed to slow the rate of aging.And, finally, I discuss the role of longitudinal studies in the early detection of risk for dementia in advanced age, which involves linkages between studies of normal and pathological aging as well as attention to genetic markers of dementia.Requests for reprints should be sent to

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“…Em estudos posteriores sobre as características psicométricas do questionário, Hertzog, Dixon, Schulenberg e Hultsch (1987) (Hultsch, Hertzog, Dixon & Davidson, 1988).…”

Section: Meta-memóriaunclassified

Meta-memória e auto-eficácia: um estudo de validação de instrumentos de pesquisa sobre memória e envelhecimento

Yassuda¹,

Lasca²,

Néri³

2005

Psicol. Reflex. Crit.

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ResumoA literatura cognitiva documenta em inúmeros relatos a existência de diferenças significativas entre o desempenho de jovens e idosos em tarefas de memória episódica. Pesquisadores nas últimas décadas exploram possíveis explicações para esta discrepância. Uma das hipóteses em investigação é que talvez os idosos possuam percepções, atitudes e afetos diferentes relativos à memória, e que talvez seu desempenho seja afetado por estes fatores. Os conceitos de meta-memória e auto-eficácia têm sido empregados nas pesquisas sobre o envelhecimento da memória para a avaliação desta hipótese. Nesta pesquisa, 1 questionário de meta-memória (MIA), 1 questionário de auto-eficácia (MSEQ) e 4 versões de 2 tarefas de desempenho de memória episódica (4 listas de itens de supermercado e 4 histórias curtas) foram traduzidos para o português, adaptados à cultura brasileira e submetidos a testes de validação junto a 33 jovens e 27 idosos saudáveis brasileiros. Os resultados das análises realizadas sugerem que as versões em português destes instrumentos têm boas características psicométricas e são promissores para esta área de pesquisa no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Meta-memória; auto-eficácia; memória episódica; envelhecimento. Metamemory and Self-efficacy: A Validation Study of Research Instruments in Memory Aging AbstractThe cognitive aging literature documents in numerous studies the existence of significant age differences between younger and older adults in tests of episodic memory. Researchers have been investigating possible explanations for such differences. One hypothesis being tested is whether older adults hold different perceptions, attitudes and feelings towards memory that could affect performance negatively. Metamemory and self-efficacy are concepts that have been used in the test of this hypothesis. In the present research, a metamemory questionnaire (MIA), a self-efficacy questionnaire (MSEQ) and 4 versions of 2 episodic memory tasks (4 grocery lists and 4 short stories) were translated into Portuguese, adapted to Brazilian culture and submitted to validity testing with 33 younger and 27 older healthy Brazilian adults. The results from the analyses suggest that the Portuguese versions of these instruments have good psychometric characteristics and seem promising for research in this field in Brazil. Keywords: Metamemory; self-efficacy; episodic memory; aging.O objetivo desse estudo é apresentar a versão em português assim como dados de validação de instrumentos de pesquisa já reconhecidos na literatura internacional, que podem ser úteis para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa sobre o envelhecimento da memória junto à população brasileira. A introdução a seguir apresenta os conceitos teóricos importantes para o estudo realizado assim como referências a estudos selecionados sobre o tema.Nos últimos 50 anos, geriatras e gerontólogos têm pesquisado intensamente os efeitos do envelhecimento no funcionamento da memória humana. Diversas mudanças no funcionamento da memória já foram bem documentadas, e são esperadas durante o en...

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Memory Self-Knowledge and Self-Efficacy in the Aged

Cited by 207 publications

References 33 publications

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

What Can We Learn From Longitudinal Studies of Adult Development?

Meta-memória e auto-eficácia: um estudo de validação de instrumentos de pesquisa sobre memória e envelhecimento

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