Memory in Oral Traditions. The Cognitive Psychology of Epic, Ballads, and Counting-Out Rhymes

Andersen, Flemming G.; Rubin, David C.

doi:10.2307/848046

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, in most cases, there is no access to the A1 and A2 criteria except later, through the person's memory. Since the beginning of modern cognitive psychology (e.g., Bartlett, 1932Bartlett, /1967, memory has been viewed as constructive, with distortions made through schemata (see Rubin, 1995, for a review). Personal memory is prone to error and distortion, often in systematic ways.…”

Section: Event Versus Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis.

Rubin

Berntsen

Bohni

2008

Psychological Review

415

438

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the mnemonic model of PTSD, the current memory of a negative event, not the event itself determines symptoms. The model is an alternative to the current event-based etiology of PTSD represented in the DSM. The model accounts for important and reliable findings that are often inconsistent with the current diagnostic view and that have been neglected by theoretical accounts of the disorder, including the following observations. The diagnosis needs objective information about the trauma and peritraumatic emotions, but uses retrospective memory reports that can have substantial biases. Negative events and emotions that do not satisfy the current diagnostic criteria for a trauma can be followed by symptoms that would otherwise qualify for PTSD. Predisposing factors that affect the current memory have large effects on symptoms. The inability-to-recall-an-importantaspect-of-the-trauma symptom does not correlate with other symptoms. Loss or enhancement of the trauma memory affects PTSD symptoms in predictable ways. Special mechanisms that apply only to traumatic memories are not needed, increasing parsimony and the knowledge that can be applied to understanding PTSD. Keywords autobiographical memory; gender; neuroticism; dissociative amnesia; trauma This paper is a about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and more specifically about its assumed etiology. We evaluate basic theoretical assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis and present an alternative model. By its current diagnostic criteria in the U.S.A., which we refer to as the DSM, (i.e., the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, American Psychiatric Association, 2000) and by the World Health Organization (2006), the diagnosis of PTSD requires the occurrence of a traumatic event. However, in practice, the diagnosis does not involve measuring the occurrence of an actual event, only the patient's report of the event at least one month, and sometimes years, after the Corresponding Author: David C. Rubin, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Box 27708-0086, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, U.S.A. david.rubin@duke.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: The following manuscript is the final accepted manuscript. It has not been subjected to the final copyediting, fact-checking, and proofreading required for formal publication. It is not the definitive, publisher-authenticated version. The American Psychological Association and its Council of Editors disclaim any responsibility or liabilities for errors or omissions of this manuscript version, any version derived from this manuscript by NIH, or other third parties. The published version is available at www.apa.org/journals/rev NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript event occurred. The memory report, in practice, is not questioned (McNally, 2003b). We examine the implications of a diagnosis based on a pathogenic memory rather than a pathogenic event. The change has major consequences: the event, which is not m...

show abstract

Section: Event Versus Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis.

Rubin

Berntsen

Bohni

2008

Psychological Review

415

438

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Parallelistic patterning in poetry and other forms of language (such a proverbs, commercial ads, etc.) has been shown to contribute to cognitive and/ or perceptual fluency (Reber et al, 2004), which in turn fosters aesthetic appreciation as well as emotional effects (Menninghaus et al, 2017;Obermeier et al, 2013), power of persuasion (Menninghaus et al, 2015), and also memorability (Hanauer, 1998;Rubin, 1995;Rubin et al, 1997;Tillmann & Dowling, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Melody in poems and songs: Fundamental statistical properties predict aesthetic evaluation.

Scharinger¹,

Wagner²,

Knoop³

2023

Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since antiquity, the concept of melody has been related not only to music, but also to language, specifically poetic language. However, while melodic properties of music were already mathematically defined more than 2,000 years ago, melodic properties of poems have remained fairly elusive to date. Proceeding from the assumption that fundamental melodic properties should in both domains be measurable in terms of recurrent time series of pitch and duration values, we administered two statistical measures-(a) autocorrelation coefficients and (b) spectral exponents-that both allow to quantify the relevant degrees of recurrence for recited poems and their sung versions alike. In a naturalistic concert event, 11 poems were recited, their musical settings sung, and aesthetically evaluative as well as emotion ratings collected from the audience. Correlating the autocorrelation coefficients and the spectral exponents with the subjective ratings revealed that the two acoustic measures chosen are predictive, to different strengths and with regard to different aspects, of the subjectively perceived melodiousness for both songs and poems. This approach to melody in songs and poems may also open new venues for empirically comparing melodic properties of speech and music beyond poetry.

show abstract

“…However, the specific foods that cued memories were rated higher in previous lifetime exposure than the specific music cues. It may be that the higher levels of previous exposure meant that these foods were associated with more autobiographical events than the music, which decreased cue‐item discriminability for the food cues (Berntsen et al, 2013; Rubin, 1995). Indeed, our analyses of the relationship between cue features and memory features revealed that greater exposure to specific cues resulted in fewer memories being reported (see Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing music‐ and food‐evoked autobiographical memories in young and older adults: A diary study

Jakubowski

Belfi

Kvavilashvili

et al. 2023

British J of Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previous research has found that music brings back more vivid and emotional autobiographical memories than various other retrieval cues. However, such studies have often been low in ecological validity and constrained by relatively limited cue selection and predominantly young adult samples. Here, we compared music to food as cues for autobiographical memories in everyday life in young and older adults. In two separate four-day periods, 39 younger (ages 18-34) and 39 older (ages 60-77) adults recorded their music-and food-evoked autobiographical memories in paper diaries. Across both age groups, music triggered more frequent autobiographical memories, a greater proportion of involuntary memories, and memories rated as more personally important in comparison to food cues. Age differences impacted music-and food-evoked memories similarly, with older adults consistently recalling older and less specific memories, which they rated as more positive, vivid, and rehearsed. However, young and older adults did not differ in the number or involuntary nature of their recorded memories. This work represents an important step in understanding the phenomenology of naturally occurring music-evoked autobiographical memories across adulthood and provides new insights into how and why music may be a more effective trigger for personally valued memories than certain other everyday cues.

show abstract

Memory in Oral Traditions. The Cognitive Psychology of Epic, Ballads, and Counting-Out Rhymes

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis.

A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis.

Melody in poems and songs: Fundamental statistical properties predict aesthetic evaluation.

Comparing music‐ and food‐evoked autobiographical memories in young and older adults: A diary study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About