Memory in Nonlinear Ionization of Transparent Solids

Rajeev, P. P.; Gertsvolf, Marina; Simova, E.; Hnatovsky, Cyril; Taylor, R. S.; Bhardwaj, V. R.; Rayner, D. M.; Corkum, P. B.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.253001

Cited by 87 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The modifications progress slightly faster through the formation stages for higher pulse energies (see Fig. 5), as at higher pulse energies each individual pulse can induce a higher degree of modification (e.g., reduction of the treshold 32 or the induction of defect centers). 27 Consequently, already existing structures are modified more strongly as well.…”

Section: A Stages Of Nanograting Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogratings in fused silica: Formation, control, and applications

Richter¹,

Heinrich²,

Döring³

et al. 2012

Journal of Laser Applications

107

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The authors investigated the formation of periodic subwavelength structures, so-called nanogratings, in the volume of fused silica. These self-organized structures emerge upon irradiation with ultrashort laser pulses, undergoing three distinct stages of growth from randomly distributed nanostructures to extended domains with uniform periodicity. The experiments revealed that the cumulative action of subsequent laser pulses is mediated by dangling-bond type defects. On shorter time scales, transient self trapped excitons may significantly enhance the formation process. Nanogratings exhibit an extremely large temperature stability up to 1150 °C. In combination with the possibility to precisely tune their form birefringence, nanogratings provide a powerful tool to realize, thermally stable complex phase elements.

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Section: A Stages Of Nanograting Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogratings in fused silica: Formation, control, and applications

Richter¹,

Heinrich²,

Döring³

et al. 2012

Journal of Laser Applications

107

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“…A second mechanism, active for high intensity irradiation and giving a much higher etching selectivity, is the formation of self-ordered nanocracks, perpendicular to the laser polarisation direction [37]. The physical processes underlying the formation of nanocracks have been studied in detail in [69,70] and involve the following transient nanoplasmonic model: i) in the focal volume, hot spots for multiphoton ionization occur due to the presence of defects or color centers; ii) such hot spots evolve into spherically shaped nanoplasmas over successive laser pulses due to a memory effect [71], equivalent to a reduction of the effective bandgap in the previously ionized region; iii) field enhancement at the boundaries of the nanoplasma droplets results in asymmetric growth of the initially spherical droplets, in a direction perpendicular to the laser polarization, leading to the formation of nanoellipsoids, which eventually grow into nanoplanes; iv) the nanoplanes are initially randomly spaced; when the electron plasma density inside them exceeds the critical density, they become metallic and start influencing light propagation in such a way that they assemble in parallel nanoplanes spaced by λ =n, where λ is the wavelength of the femtosecond writing laser and n the refractive index of the medium. One particular feature of this process, which is very important for applications, is that nanoplanes formed in adjacent focal volumes displaying a lateral offset tend to be coherently linked, resulting in a self-alignment of the planes (that become aligned nanocracks if a suitable fluence is used in the irradiation process).…”

Section: Laser and Photonics Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser microstructuring: an enabling tool for optofluidic lab‐on‐chips

Osellame

Hoekstra

Cerullo

et al. 2011

Laser & Photonics Reviews

286

226

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This paper provides an overview of the rather new field concerning the applications of femtosecond laser microstructuring of glass to optofluidics. Femtosecond lasers have recently emerged as a powerful microfabrication tool due to their unique characteristics. On the one hand, they enable to induce a permanent refractive index increase, in a micrometer-sized volume of the material, allowing single-step, three-dimensional fabrication of optical waveguides. On the other hand, femtosecond-laser irradiation of fused silica followed by chemical etching enables the manufacturing of directly buried microfluidic channels. This opens the intriguing possibility of using a single laser system for the fabrication and three-dimensional integration of optofluidic devices. This paper will review the state of the art of femtosecond laser fabrication of optical waveguides and microfluidic channels, as well as their integration for high sensitivity detection of biomolecules and for cell manipulation.

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“…The created nanoplasma affected the laser propagation pulse by pulse due to the presence of a feedback mechanism based on memory of previous nonlinear ionization [58]. Additionally, impurities that were embedded in bulk fused silica also contributed to nanograting formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From random inhomogeneities to periodic nanostructures induced in bulk silica by ultrashort laser

2016

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Femtosecond laser-induced volume nanograting formation is numerically investigated. The developed model solves nonlinear Maxwell's equations coupled with multiple rate free carrier density equations in the presence of randomly distributed inhomogeneities in fused silica. As a result of the performed calculations, conduction band electron density is shown to form nanoplanes elongated perpendicular to the laser polarization. Two types of nanoplanes are identified. The structures of the first type have a characteristic period of the laser wavelength in glass and are attributed to the interference of the incident and the inhomogeneity-scattered light waves. Field components induced by coherent multiple scattering in directions perpendicular to the laser polarization are shown to be responsible for the formation of the second type of structures with a subwavelength periodicity. In this case, the influence of the inhomogeneity concentration on the period of nanoplanes is shown. The calculation results not only help to identify the physical origin of the self-organized nanogratings, but also explain their period and orientation.

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Memory in Nonlinear Ionization of Transparent Solids

Cited by 87 publications

References 19 publications

Nanogratings in fused silica: Formation, control, and applications

Nanogratings in fused silica: Formation, control, and applications

Femtosecond laser microstructuring: an enabling tool for optofluidic lab‐on‐chips

From random inhomogeneities to periodic nanostructures induced in bulk silica by ultrashort laser

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