2009
DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9139-5
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Memory Impairment Induced by Sodium Fluoride is Associated with Changes in Brain Monoamine Levels

Abstract: Previous studies suggest that sodium fluoride (NaF) can impair performance in some memory tasks, such as open-field habituation and two-way active avoidance. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of NaF intake (100 ppm in drinking water for 30 days) and its short-term (15 days) withdrawal on open-field habituation and brain monoamine level. Adult male rats were allocated to three groups: tap water (NaF 1.54 ppm) for 45 days (control group); 15 days of tap water followed by NaF for 30 days; and NaF for … Show more

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Cited by 72 publications
(50 citation statements)
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“…Both the doses of fluoride exposure significantly impaired the acquisition and retention in the present study. Decreased learning and memory abilities induced by fluoride have been reported by various authors [16,[35][36][37]. Since fluoride is known to be neurotoxic, greater accumulation of fluoride in the discrete brain regions in the thirdgeneration rats as found in the present study may have made the subsequent generations more vulnerable to the toxic effects of fluoride.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 67%
“…Both the doses of fluoride exposure significantly impaired the acquisition and retention in the present study. Decreased learning and memory abilities induced by fluoride have been reported by various authors [16,[35][36][37]. Since fluoride is known to be neurotoxic, greater accumulation of fluoride in the discrete brain regions in the thirdgeneration rats as found in the present study may have made the subsequent generations more vulnerable to the toxic effects of fluoride.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 67%
“…Fluoride affects the brain by inhibiting some enzymes associated with energy production and transfer, membrane transport, and synaptic transmission [14]. Chronic or subchronic fluoride exposure may lead to reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor level, as well as alteration in the neurotransmitter level [15,16]. The developmental neurotoxicity of fluoride may be closely associated with low glucose utilization and neurodegenerative changes [17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, Pereira et al [170] studied rats fed 100 mg/L fluoride in drinking water for 30 days -100 times the level in optimally fluoridated water -and noted memory deficits compared with rats who were not dosed with fluoride. Other studies fed rats sodium fluoride by gavage at a level of 5.0 mg/kg/day -again 100 times the recommended level for children (0.05 mg/kg/day).…”
Section: Animal Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%