Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis

Minden, Sarah L.; Moes, Elisabeth J.; Orav, John; Kaplan, Edith; Reich, Peter

doi:10.1080/01688639008401002

Cited by 115 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Most studies reveal that patients with MS are impaired in their ability to explicitly learn and subsequently recall new material, regardless of whether the material is verbal or visual (Amato et al 1995;Beatty et al 1989;Camp et al 1999;Grafman et al 1991;Minden 1990;Rao et al 1984;Ryan et al 1996). Two lines of research have been particularly influential in this regard.…”

Section: Comparison With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2008

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In this manuscript, we review literature describing the neuropsychological and brain imaging characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The findings are compared and contrasted with multiple sclerosis (MS) studies, revealing similarities and differences of interest to clinicians and researchers. While cognitive impairment is somewhat less common in SLE than MS, the diseases share a similar cognitive profile with deficits most prominent on tests emphasizing the speed of information processing, working memory, and visual/spatial learning, and memory. In early or more mildly affected patients, diffuse white matter damage, which may not be apparent on conventional brain imaging, plays a major role in clinical presentation and cognitive testing. The causes of white matter damage are very different, however, and in later stages of the disease MS and SLE appear to give rise to different forms of cerebral pathology. MS may be characterized by increasing brain atrophy affecting especially the cortical and deep gray matter, at least after conversion to secondary progressive course. There is less evidence for neurodegenerative changes in SLE, but patients are increasingly at risk for cerebrovascular disease. We conclude by offering some suggestions for future clinical and imaging research. KeywordsSystemic lupus erythematosus; Multiple sclerosis; Cognition; Memory; Processing speed; MRI; Effect size Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a relapsing-remitting autoimmune disease with wide ranging organ involvement and clinical symptoms varying from mild and transient symptoms to death. Cognitive impairment is reported in SLE, even among those patients without documented or overt signs of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Presumably, cognitive disorder is the result of underlying brain disease although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The prevalence and degree of cognitive impairment is also uncertain.In this article we will endeavor to evaluate the evidence for neuropsychological impairment in SLE, and to compare the findings with that of MS, another immunological disorder whose symptoms wax and wane and which affects women more than men. Unlike SLE, MS is a disease that always impacts the CNS, and the causes of cognitive disorder in MS are better understood.

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Section: Comparison With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2008

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“…Indeed, cognitive dysfunction has been demonstrated even in patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS) [1], at the onset of the disease [24] or in subjects with early relapsing-remitting (RR) MS and low disability levels [2]. As for the disease course, there is consistent evidence that RR patients show lower degrees of cognitive impairment in comparison with secondary progressive (SP) patients [13,18,26], whereas the frequency of cognitive impairment in primary progressive (PP) subjects has been variously quoted as 7% [11] and 29% [10]. To date, however, there is a dearth of research on the cognitive status of patients with benign MS [34].…”

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confidence: 97%

Benign multiple sclerosis

et al. 2006

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“…This is in keeping with previous studies in MS patients who had no physical disability. However, patients with a shorter disease duration demonstrated early impairment of visuoconstructive functions and short-term recognition memory, which were more pronounced with increasing EDSS, indicating the relationship to physical disease progression [2,6,7,10,12,13,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, only few psychometric studies in patients with little or no disability have been carried out [2,3,7]. With respect to memory performance, disease duration of less than 2 years was already found to result in memory dysfunction including visual, verbal and shortterm memory despite neuroimmunomodulating therapies [7,10,12]. In particular short-term memory dysfunction has been described to involve visuospatial memory more severely than verbal capabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Immunomodulation on Psycho-Neuroimmunological Functions in Benign Multiple Sclerosis

Haase

Tinnefeld²,

Faustmann³

2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Objectives: In multiple sclerosis (MS), several neuroimmunomodulatory effectors are known, including melatonin. They are able to influence disease-related neurophysiogical changes (disability or impaired vision) as well as neuropsychological performance (e.g. cognition and depression). In this study we assessed the relationship between immunomodulation on psycho-neuroimmunological functions in benign multiple sclerosis. Methods: We evaluated 26 young female patients with benign MS treated with/without immunomodulating therapies with regard to their physical disabilities (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS), their visually evoked potentials (VEP), their plasma melatonin concentrations as well as their performance regarding emotional and cognitive tests and compared them with healthy matched controls. Results: Patients with MS showed deficits in cognitive and emotional functions compared to healthy controls, which were in accordance with their increase in EDSS over time. However, in contrast to untreated patients, patients receiving immunotherapy showed significantly increased dysfunction with respect to actual mood (p = 0.02) and a tendency to increased depression scores (p = 0.072). However, neither treatment subgroup had cognitive deficits. In untreated patients, melatonin levels correlated with reduced scores in the cognitive tests (p = 0.045) but not with depression or VEP latencies. Patients with long-standing MS (>10 years) showed a significant correlation (p = 0.01) to their increased depression scores and their melatonin levels, but no correlation with VEP or cognitive dysfunction, compared to patients with shorter disease duration (≤10 years). Conclusion: These results indicate that in MS all aspects of the psycho-neuroimmunological network can be affected. Despite the potential influence of immunomodulation on depression, no connection with melatonin representing the retinohypothalamic tract/pineal gland circuits could be detected. However, visual perception as well as visuoconstructive abilities were affected in MS patients. Neuropsychological tests in MS should concentrate on cognitive variables, which reflect the clinical status more accurately and may be used to monitor disease-modifying therapies.

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Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 115 publications

References 40 publications

Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

Benign multiple sclerosis

The Influence of Immunomodulation on Psycho-Neuroimmunological Functions in Benign Multiple Sclerosis

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