Memory Fragmentation in Dissociative Identity Disorder

Hart, Onno van der; Bolt, Hilde; Kolk, Bessel A. van der

doi:10.1300/j229v06n01_04

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Case studies show some evidence of generalised childhood amnesia (Schacter et al, 1989) and that memory retrieval seemingly differs across identities (Bryant, 1995). After the incipient dissolution of amnesia, traumatic childhood memories may return initially as sensorimotor fragments (e.g., images, body sensations) rather than as a verbal narrative among adults with DID ( Van der Hart et al, 2005). There are empirical suggestions that within-identity encoding and retrieval may differ for fear versus neutral stimuli, with fear stimuli less effectively encoded (Barlow, 2011).…”

Section: Cognitive Correlates Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Dorahy

Brand

Şar

et al. 2014

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

162

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Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. Method: The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: 1) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, 2) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, 3) comparisons were made with other samples, 4) DID was differentiated from other DID: An empirical overview 2 disorders, including other Dissociative Disorders, 5) extraneous variables were controlled or 6) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data is organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. Results: DID was found to be a complex yet valid disorder across a range of markers. It can be accurately discriminated from other disorders, especially when structured diagnostic interviews assess identity alterations and amnesia. DID is aetiologically associated with a complex combination of developmental and cultural factors, including severe childhood relational trauma. The prevalence of DID appears highest in emergency psychiatric settings and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Psychobiological studies are beginning to identify clear correlates of DID associated with diverse brain areas and cognitive functions. They are also providing an understanding of the potential metacognitive origins of amnesia. Phase-oriented empirically-guided treatments are emerging for DID. Conclusions: The empirical literature on DID is accumulating, although some areas remain under-investigated.Existing data show DID as a complex, valid, and not uncommon disorder, associated with developmental and cultural variables, that is amenable to psychotherapeutic intervention. KeywordsDissociative identity disorder, validity, phenomenology, aetiology, psychobiology, [see Taylor, 1983 ], Janet, 1907Prince, 1905). More recently DID has become the subject of considerable debate (e.g., Dalenberg et al., 2012;Gleaves, 1996;McHugh and Putnam, 1995;Merskey, 1992), especially around its validity, aetiology and prevalence. Often This overview is designed to provide a current "broad-brush" outline of the scientific foundation of DID by focusing on DID-specific research. Thus the overview excludes opinion pieces and papers without DID data and is confined to studies identified in searches of major psychological (e.g., Psycinfo) and psychiatric databases (e.g., Medline) which investigated individuals with DID where one or more of the following conditions were met: 1) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, 2) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, 3) comparisons were made with other samples, 4) DID was differentiat...

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Section: Cognitive Correlates Of Didmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Dorahy

Brand

Şar

et al. 2014

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

162

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“…It assesses initial post-trauma memory, memory when symptoms of PTSD were most severe; and current memory. Van der Hart et al [24] suggest retrospective recall of memory may not reliably distinguish between these three time periods, in the present study only current memory was assessed.…”

Section: Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 62%

Can ‘partial’ PTSD explain differences in diagnosis of PTSD by questionnaire self-report and interview after head injury?

Chalton¹,

McMillan²

2009

Brain Injury

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“…Uprising against present time: Being stuck in the past and obstructed by a dysimaginated future, the traumatized subject is unable to experience time in the present [27]. Consequently, she wishes or believes to be non-existent.…”

Section: Depressive Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trauma-Self and Its Resistances in Psychotherapy

Öztürk¹,

Şar²

2016

JPCPY

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This paper seeks to highlight phenomena related to resistance in the psychotherapy of dissociative disorders and other trauma-and stress-related psychiatric disorders. The authors consider a particular psychological construct to be at the origin of resistance: the trauma-self. The resistances of the trauma-self consist of three main groups: Depressive manifestations, traumatic obsessions, and loss of psychosocial mutuality. Detemporalization, treating oneself as an object, suicidality, obsessions of abnormality, rupturing the mutuality of the patient-therapist relationship, and dissociative somatic crises are clues of these resistances. Succesful treatment is expected to minimize the resistances of the trauma-self. This is expected to be achieved through the careful contextualization of the trauma-self while conducting psychotherapy. Approaching the patient's experiences from multiple angles not only from the angle of the therapist but also from the patient's distinct perspectives are crucial in working through the resistances of the trauma-self.

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Memory Fragmentation in Dissociative Identity Disorder

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Can ‘partial’ PTSD explain differences in diagnosis of PTSD by questionnaire self-report and interview after head injury?

The Trauma-Self and Its Resistances in Psychotherapy

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