Memory for Faces and Schema Theory

Goldstein, Alvin G.; Chance, June E.

doi:10.1080/00223980.1980.9915131

Cited by 132 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Despite these early capabilities, face recognition undergoes prolonged development, extending into adolescence [13,14,[69][70][71][72][73][74]. Recognition performance for newly learned faces improves significantly during childhood.…”

Section: Development Of Facial Identity Recognition In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recognition performance for newly learned faces improves significantly during childhood. Although the details vary among reports, performance ranges from 50% to 70% of the adult level from age 6 to 14, with a dip before puberty and slower gains after age 16 [13,69,[71][72][73][74]. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, but from ages 6-14 years several aspects of face recognition change in such a way that it seems unlikely that age related improvements in face recognition are solely due to maturation of domain general mnemonic processes.…”

Section: Development Of Facial Identity Recognition In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, compared to adults, children typically show less decrement in recognition performance for faces of other races [74, Chance, 1982 #52]; even though this ''race effect'' may start early during infancy [75,76]. In adults, this race effect is thought to reflect accumulated experience with own race faces compared to other race faces [74,77]. Consistent with this idea, children seem to be more equally proficient at recognizing all faces, albeit below the adult level.…”

Section: Three Developmental Aspects Of Identity Recognition In Healtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism and the development of face processing

Golarai

Grill-Spector

Reiss

2006

Clinical Neuroscience Research

157

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Autism is a pervasive developmental condition, characterized by impairments in non-verbal communication, social relationships and stereotypical patterns of behavior. A large body of evidence suggests that several aspects of face processing are impaired in autism, including anomalies in gaze processing, memory for facial identity and recognition of facial expressions of emotion. In search of neural markers of anomalous face processing in autism, much interest has focused on a network of brain regions that are implicated in social cognition and face processing. In this review, we will focus on three such regions, namely the STS for its role in processing gaze and facial movements, the FFA in face detection and identification and the amygdala in processing facial expressions of emotion. Much evidence suggests that a better understanding of the normal development of these specialized regions is essential for discovering the neural bases of face processing anomalies in autism. Thus, we will also examine the available literature on the normal development of face processing. Key unknowns in this research area are the neuro-developmental processes, the role of experience and the interactions among components of the face processing system in shaping each of the specialized regions for processing faces during normal development and in autism. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease.

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Section: Development Of Facial Identity Recognition In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Facial Identity Recognition In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Three Developmental Aspects Of Identity Recognition In Healtmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism and the development of face processing

Golarai

Grill-Spector

Reiss

2006

Clinical Neuroscience Research

157

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“…Second, a converging line of evidence from research into schema theory in humans has long since confirmed that items which fit well within an existing schema are generally remembered better (Bransford & Johnson, 1972;Chase, Simon, & Chase, 1973;Goldstein & Chance, 1980;Mandler, 1984;Royer & Perkins, 1977). In a series of recent studies, van Kesteren and colleagues (van Kesteren, Rijpkema, Ruiter, & Fernández, 2010;van Kesteren et al, 2013; have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this, and have confirmed that the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) appears to at least partly take over the hippocampal binding role for schema-conformant items.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schema-conformant memories are preferentially consolidated during REM sleep

Durrant

Cairney

McDermott

et al. 2015

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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Please cite this article as: Durrant, S.J., Cairney, S.A., McDermott, C., Lewis, P.A., Schema-Conformant Memories are Preferentially Consolidated During REM Sleep, Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (2015), doi: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm. 2015.02.011 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractMemory consolidation is most commonly described by the standard model, which proposes an initial binding role for the hippocampus which diminishes over time as intracortical connections are strengthened. Recent evidence suggests that slow wave sleep (SWS) plays an essential role in this process. Existing animal and human studies have suggested that memories which fit tightly into an existing knowledge framework or schema might use an alternative consolidation route in which the medial prefrontal cortex takes on the binding role. In this study we sought to investigate the role of sleep in this process using a novel melodic memory task. Participants were asked to remember 32 melodies, half of which conformed to a tonal schema present in all enculturated listeners, and half of which did not fit with this schema. After a 24-hour consolidation interval, participants were asked to remember a further 32 melodies, before being given a recognition test in which melodies from both sessions were presented alongside some previously unheard foils. Participants remembered schema-conformant melodies better than non-conformant ones. This was much more strongly the case for consolidated melodies, suggesting that consolidation over a 24-hour period preferentially consolidated schema-conformant items. Overnight sleep was monitored between the sessions, and the extent of the consolidation benefit for schema-conformant items was associated with both the amount of REM sleep obtained and EEG theta power in frontal and central regions during REM sleep. Overall our data suggest that REM sleep plays a crucial role in the rapid consolidation of schemaconformant items. This finding is consistent with previous results from animal studies and the SLIMM model of van Kesteren et al (2012), and suggest that REM sleep, rather than SWS, may be involved in an alternative pathway of consolidation for schema-conformant memories.

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“…However, the precise age of onset remains ambiguous with reports ranging from 8 years (Chance, Turner, & Goldstein, 1982), to 6 years (Feinman & Entwhistle, 1976), to 5 years (Pedzek, Blandon-Gitlin, & Moore, 2003), and 3 years (Sangrigoli & de Schonen, 2004a). Also, one report (Goldstein & Chance, 1980) failed to find any evidence of the ORE in children 6 to 12 years old, but a very large effect with adults tested using the same stimuli. A larger effect has also been reported in Caucasian children living in segregated as opposed to integrated communities (Cross, Cross, & Daly, 1971;Feinman & Entwhistle, 1976).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Race Preferences for Same‐Race Faces Extend Beyond the African Versus Caucasian Contrast in 3‐Month‐Old Infants

Kelly

Liu²,

Ge³

et al. 2007

Infancy

194

161

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A visual preference procedure was used to examine preferences among faces of different ethnicities (African, Asian, Caucasian, and Middle Eastern) in Chinese 3-month-old infants exposed only to Chinese faces. The infants demonstrated a preference for faces from their own ethnic group. Alongside previous results showing that Caucasian infants exposed only to Caucasian faces prefer same-race faces and that Caucasian and African infants exposed only to native faces prefer the same over the other-race faces (Bar-Haim, Ziv, Lamy, & Hodes, 2006), the findings reported here (a) extend the same-race preference observed in young infants to a new race of infants (Chinese), and (b) show that cross-race preferences for same-race faces extend beyond the perceptually robust contrast between African and Caucasian faces.It has been reported recently in two separate studies that 3-month-old infants demonstrate a visual preference for faces from their own ethnic group when paired with faces from other ethnic groups. Using a standard visual preference task, Kelly et al. (2005) found that English Caucasian infants preferred to look at Caucasian faces when paired with African, Chinese, or Middle Eastern faces. Using the same paradigm, Bar-Haim, Ziv, Lamy, and Hodes (2006) found a cross-race visual preference in Israeli and Ethiopian infants with Israeli infants showing a visual preference for Caucasian faces and Ethiopian infants preferring to look at the faces from their own racial group. Crucially, Bar-Haim et al. (2006) also tested a population of Israeli-born infants of Ethiopian parentage recruited from an absorption center

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Memory for Faces and Schema Theory

Cited by 132 publications

References 8 publications

Autism and the development of face processing

Autism and the development of face processing

Schema-conformant memories are preferentially consolidated during REM sleep

Cross‐Race Preferences for Same‐Race Faces Extend Beyond the African Versus Caucasian Contrast in 3‐Month‐Old Infants

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