Memory dynamics in the honeybee

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Nishino

et al. 2011

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical roles of mecamylamine-sensitive mushroom body neurons in insect olfactory learning

Watanabe

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

Nishino

et al. 2011

“…To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that the general notion that memory after multiple conditioning trials consists of two phases: protein synthesis-independent earlier phase and protein synthesis-dependent later phase [1,3] is applicable to conditioning of autonomic function in insects. The time course of the ８ development of the later phase differs among insects [3,11,14]: the protein synthesis-dependent LTM develops at ~8 hours after conditioning in crickets [11] but 3 or 4 days are needed for it to fully develop in honey bees [14] and fruit-flies [3]. The exact time course of the development of LTM in salivary conditioning in cockroaches needs to be characterized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In honey bees, it has been shown that the antennal lobe (primary olfactory center) and the mushroom body (multisensory association center) participate in olfactory learning [5,14,15] and that some neurons in both brain areas exhibit NOS activities [19]. It has been shown that local uncaging of cGMP (but not NO) in the antennal lobe facilitates LTM formation in honey bees [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation of NO signaling in formation of long-term memory in salivary conditioning of the cockroach

Kuramochi

et al. 2013

Neuroscience Letters

The molecular and neural basis of protein synthesis-dependent long-term memory (LTM) has been the subject of extensive studies in vertebrates and invertebrates. In crickets and honey bees, it has been demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays critical roles in LTM formation, but no experimental system appropriate for electrophysiological study of neural mechanisms by which production of NO leads to LTM formation has been established in insects. We have reported that cockroaches, as do dogs and humans, exhibit conditioning of salivation, i.e., they exhibit an increased level of salivation in response to an odor paired with sucrose reward. Salivary conditioning can be monitored by activity changes of salivary neurons in rigidly immobilized animals and thus is useful for the study of brain mechanisms of learning and memory. In the present study, we found that injection of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, into the hemolymph before multiple conditioning trials impairs formation of 1-day memory, but not that of 30-min memory. This indicates that formation of 1-day memory requires protein synthesis but that of earlier memory does not. We also found that injection of L-NAME, an inhibitor of NO synthase, before multiple conditioning impairs formation of 1-day memory but not that of 30-min memory. We thus conclude that NO signaling participates in the formation of protein synthesis-dependent LTM but not that of earlier memory in salivary conditioning. Salivary conditioning in cockroaches should become a pertinent system for the study of neural mechanisms by which activation of NO synthase leads to LTM formation.(250 words) ３

“…This has been advocated to describe the dynamics of odor learning involved in food location by honeybees (e.g., Menzel, 1999) and in host detection by parasitoid hymenopterans (e.g., Kaiser et al, 2003). In our case, hermit crabs may memorize a stimulus (conditioning stimulus, i.e., the odor of a social partner) when it is associated with an unconditioned stimulus (i.e., the high quality of the shell occupied by the sender).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Nature of Individual Recognition by Odor in Hermit Crabs

2005

Abstract-Individual recognition is a key element in the social life of many invertebrates. However, most studies conducted so far document that several species are capable of a Bbinary^discrimination among conspecifics, but not of a Btrue individual recognition.^Our objective was to learn more about the mechanisms that underlie individual recognition by odor in hermit crabs by individuating some of its properties. Using Pagurus longicarpus Say 1817 as a model species, we conducted four series of experiments in which the response of every test crab (the Breceiver^) to the different odor treatments (emitted by a Bsender^) was evaluated from its investigative behavior toward an empty, high-quality shell. After having excluded the possibility that crabs chemically recognize familiar/unfamiliar shells and /or shells of high/low quality, we explored whether the receivers discriminate odors from two familiar senders and whether this discrimination also occurs with unfamiliar crabs. We also asked whether crabs form an association between the odor of a familiar sender and some of its relevant attributes, i.e., rank, size, and shell quality. Finally, the shells inhabited by familiar individuals were manipulated to modify the association between odor and shell quality. Results showed that: (1) there is no odor specific of a rank; (2) individual crabs discriminate their own odor from the odor of other individuals; (3) they can chemically discriminate between larger crabs inhabiting higher-quality shells and smaller crabs inhabiting lower-quality shells, provided that these crabs are familiar to them; (4) they associate the odor of an individual crab with the quality of the shell it inhabits; and (5) this association quickly changes when social partners switch to shells of different quality. These results indicate that the nature of chemical recognition in P. longicarpus is more refined than a simple binary 0098-0331/05/1200-2877/0 # 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2877Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 31, No. 12, December 2005 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-8400-5 * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: francesca.gherardi@unifi.it system. The receiver appears able to associate a type of information from the sender with memories of past experiences, therefore suggesting the hermit crab's potential for relatively high-order knowledge about conspecifics.