Memory Deficits in Depression: Evidence Utilizing the Wechsler Memory Scale

Breslow, Richard E.; Kocsis, James H.; Belkin, Beth M.

doi:10.2466/pms.1980.51.2.541

Cited by 73 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Most studies consistently report no short-term memory deficits in depressed patients [74, 75, 84]assessed through the digit span task [73, 85], although this was not replicated by Breslow et al [76], who found shorter spans in forward and backward order. The apparent short-term memory impairment may reflect attentional dysfunction, which is similar to saying that difficulties in concentration may lead to greater distractability and interference effects [42].…”

Section: Neuropsychological Functions In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Nevertheless, there are discrepancies among the investigators when the task used to evaluate long-term memory is the logical memory subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale [73]. While some studies observed little or no impact of the depressed state on this task [74, 75], others disagree [76, 77]. Discrepancies in findings could be explained by different methods of assessment.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Functions In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of Neuropsychological Disturbances

Martínez‐Arán¹,

Vieta²,

Colom³

et al. 1999

Psychother Psychosom

202

139

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Although cognitive dysfunctions in psychosis have classically been associated with schizophrenia, there is clinical evidence that some bipolar patients show cognitive disturbances either during acute phases or in remission periods. The authors critically review the data on cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder. The main computerized databases (Medline, Psychological Abstracts, Current Contents) have been consulted crossing the terms ‘cognitive deficits’, ‘neuropsychology’, ‘intellectual impairment’, ‘mania’, ‘depression’ and ‘bipolar disorder’. Changes in the fluency of thought and speech, learning and memory impairment, and disturbances in associational patterns and attentional processes are as fundamental to depression and mania as are changes in mood and behavior. Moreover, a significant number of bipolar patients show persistent cognitive deficits during remission from affective symptoms. However, there are several methodological pitfalls in most studies such as unclear remission criteria, diagnostic heterogeneity, small sample sizes, absence of longitudinal assessment, practice effect and poor control of the influence of pharmacological treatment. Most studies point at the presence of diffuse cognitive dysfunction during the acute phases of bipolar illness. Most of these deficits seem to remit during periods of euthymia, but some of them may persist in approximately one third of bipolar patients. Methodological limitations warrant further research in order to clear up the relationship between neuropsychological functioning and clinical, demographic and treatment variables in bipolar disorder.

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Section: Neuropsychological Functions In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Neuropsychological Functions In Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of Neuropsychological Disturbances

Martínez‐Arán¹,

Vieta²,

Colom³

et al. 1999

Psychother Psychosom

202

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the finding that PTSD-diagnosed veterans with comorbid depression did not differ from PTSD-diagnosed veterans without comorbid depression on key intellectual or cognitive variables suggests that group differences in cognitive and intellectual performance cannot be attributed exclusively to depression. Moreover, although attention deficits have been described in psychologically distressed samples (Breslow, Kocsis, & Belkin, 1980;Sackheim et al, 1992) and in affective disorders (cf. R. A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention, learning, and memory performances and intellectual resources in Vietnam veterans: PTSD and no disorder comparisons.

Vasterling¹,

Duke²,

Brailey³

et al. 2002

Neuropsychology

471

369

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Attention, learning, memory, and estimated intellectual potential were examined in 26 Vietnam veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in 21 Vietnam veterans without mental disorders. Results revealed PTSD-associated cognitive deficits on tasks of sustained attention, working memory, initial learning, and estimated premorbid intelligence but not on measures of focus of attention, shift of attention, or memory savings. Cognitive task performances adjusted for estimated native intelligence remained negatively correlated with PTSD severity. An intellectual measure adjusted for cognitive task performances was negatively correlated with PTSD severity, even after the authors statistically controlled the level of combat exposure. Results suggested that although intellectual resources may constitute a vulnerability–protective factor for PTSD development, PTSD was associated with cognitive impairment independent of intellectual functioning.

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“…Patients who have clinical depression frequently have impaired attention and STM, often secondary to vegetative signs (eg, poor sleep) and distraction associated with dysphoric preoccupation and obsessive thinking [70]. They do not adopt active, efficient encoding strategies [71], and they tend to put forth minimal effort, often giving up easily on tasks.…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disorders of Memory

Lucas

2005

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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Memory Deficits in Depression: Evidence Utilizing the Wechsler Memory Scale

Cited by 73 publications

References 5 publications

Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of Neuropsychological Disturbances

Cognitive Dysfunctions in Bipolar Disorder: Evidence of Neuropsychological Disturbances

Attention, learning, and memory performances and intellectual resources in Vietnam veterans: PTSD and no disorder comparisons.

Disorders of Memory

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