Memory bias in social phobia

Rapee, Ronald M.; McCallum, Sharon; Melville, Lynda F.; Ravenscroft, Heidi; Rodney, Jan M.

doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90087-6

Cited by 134 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In contrast to the literature on interpretive biases, however, most studies have not found evidence of memory bias either in highly anxious participants (e.g., Brendle & Wenzel, 2004;Constans et al, 1999;Sanz, 1996;Wenzel et al, 2005) or in clinical samples (e.g., Amir, Coles, Brigidi, & Foa, 2001;Becker, Roth, Andrich, & Margraf, 1999;Cloitre, Cancienne, Heimberg, Holt, & Liebowitz, 1995;Rapee, McCallum, Melville, Ravenscroft, & Rodney, 1994;Rinck & Becker, 2005). Two exceptions to this pattern were obtained in investigations of implicit memory, in which deliberate focus on the past was not involved (Amir, Foa, & Coles, 2000;Lundh & Ost, 1997).…”

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confidence: 76%

Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia.

Hertel

Brozovich

Joormann

et al. 2008

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Two experiments examined the link between interpretation and memory in individuals diagnosed with Generalized Social Phobia (GSP). In Experiment 1, GSP and control participants generated continuations for nonsocial and ambiguous social scenarios. GSP participants produced more socially anxious and negative continuations for the social scenarios than did the controls. On the subsequent test of recalling the social scenarios, intrusion errors that shared meaning with the original continuations were made more frequently by the GSP group, producing false recall with emotionally negative features. To examine whether nonanxious individuals would also produce such errors if given emotional interpretations, in Experiment 2 the authors asked university students to read the scenarios plus endings produced by GSP participants in Experiment 1. The students either constructed vivid mental images of themselves as the main characters or thought about whether the endings provided closure. Low-anxious students in the closure condition produced fewer ending-based intrusions in recalling the social scenarios than did students in the other 3 conditions. Results illustrate the importance of examining the nature of sourcemonitoring errors in investigations of memory biases in social anxiety.

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confidence: 76%

Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia.

Hertel

Brozovich

Joormann

et al. 2008

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…Studies that examine memory for threat-related material in individuals with panic disorder (PD) and individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) generally find evidence for memory biases toward threat-related stimuli (e.g., McNally, Foa, & Donnell, 1989;Paunovic, Lundh, & Ost, 2002). In contrast, studies that examine memory for threat-related and neutral material in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and individuals with social phobia (SP) generally do not find evidence for such a bias (e.g., Mogg, Mathews, & Weinman, 1987;Rapee et al, 1994). However, there are several exceptions to this pattern of findings (e.g., Amir, Foa, & Coles, 2000;Lundh & Ost, 1996), and confounding variables, such as the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms (e.g., Becker et al, 1999), further complicate interpretation of results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, individuals with GAD demonstrate enhanced memory for threat when autobiographical memory is assessed with some, but not all dependent variables (Burke & Mathews, 1992;Richards & Whittaker, 1990). Results from several investigations suggest that SP is not associated with enhanced retrieval of social threat memories (Rapee et al, 1994;Wenzel, Jackson, & Holt, 2002). Autobiographical memories of threat-related experiences have not been examined to date in individuals with PD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autobiographical memories of anxiety-related experiences

Wenzel

Pinna

Rubin

2004

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Ninety-nine undergraduate students retrieved three memories associated with each of the five emotional experiences: panic, trauma, worry, social anxiety, and feeling content. Subsequently, they answered 24 questions assessing properties of each memory, including the vividness and perceived accuracy of the memories and sensory, emotional, and anxiety-related experiences during retrieval. Memories were coded for affective tone and specificity. Results indicated that panic-related and trauma-related memories were rated similarly as content memories, but that they generally were associated with more imagery and emotional experiencing than worry-related or social anxiety-related memories. Participants experienced panic and worry symptoms to the greatest degree when they retrieved panic-related and trauma-related memories. All anxiety-related memories were characterized by more negative tone than content memories. Panic-related and trauma-related memories were more specific than worry-related, social anxiety-related, and content memories. These findings can explain partially why individuals with some, but not all, anxiety disorders experience enhanced memory for threatening material. 

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“…Elevated recall of overgeneral memories has not been found in anxious subjects (Richards & Whittaker, 1990), generalized anxiety disorder patients (Bruke & Mathews, 1992) or social phobic patients (Rapee et al 1994). Furthermore, research suggests that overgeneral memory retrieval in depression maybe of some clinical relevance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression

2000

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Background. Increased recall of categorical autobiographical memories is a phenomenon unique to depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, and is associated with a poor prognosis for depression. Although the elevated recall of categorical memories does not change on remission from depression, recent findings suggest that overgeneral memory may be reduced by cognitive interventions and maintained by rumination. This study tested whether cognitive manipulations could influence the recall of categorical memories in dysphoric participants.

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Memory bias in social phobia

Cited by 134 publications

References 24 publications

Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia.

Biases in interpretation and memory in generalized social phobia.

Autobiographical memories of anxiety-related experiences

Decentring and distraction reduce overgeneral autobiographical memory in depression

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