Memory Beliefs as Social Cognition: A Reconceptualization of What Memory Questionnaires Assess

Cavanaugh, John C.; Feldman, Jack M.; Hertzog, Christopher

doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.1.48

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…McDonald-Miszczak et al, 1995;Cavanaugh et al 1998). If the factor solution presented in this paper proves to be stable, a potentially fruitful direction for future research is the investigation of age-related change in the three factors, as suggested by the Forgetfulness and Distractibility means.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An explanatory account for these findings was offered by McDonaldMiszczak, Hertzog, and Hultsch (1995), who proposed a social-cognition framework which posits that implicit knowledge about a general decline of cognitive functioning in old age might bias judgments of older persons about their own cognitive functioning towards the general expectation of decline. Similarly, Cavanaugh, Feldman, and Hertzog (1998) pointed out that memory failures may be seen as part of a common self-theory of aging: When asked about personal memory beliefs, older adults are more likely to access memory-failure concepts and to make dispositional evaluations relative to young adults or relative to one's own past.…”

Section: Cognitive Failures Across the Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire Across the Adult Life Span

et al. 2008

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Factor structure and measurement invariance of the cognitive failures questionnaire across the adult life span by means of confirmatory factor analysis of ordered-categorical variables. A three-factor model of the CFQ from an exploratory factor analysis was tested for increasing levels of measurement invariance across six age groups. Factor (co-)variances remained stable across the age groups, mean differences were observed for the factor "Forgetfulness", with higher means for older participants, and the factor "Distractibility", where participants older than 60 years of age had lower means. Another prominent account of everyday slips and errors is proposed by Broadbent et al. (1982). A cognitive failure "… may involve perceptual failures, failures of memory, or physical actions which are misdirected. The common element is that there is a departure from the normal smooth flow of function, and events do not proceed in accordance with intention" (p.1). The assumption underlying cognitive failures is that various perceptual, action, and memory failures are influenced by a general and rather enduring factor. This factor might be described as a general proneness or liability to cognitive failures which should be relatively independent of traditional personality and intelligence measures (cf. Klumb, 2001). conscientiousness, and everyday memory). In a sample of 386 undergraduate students he found that the frequency of self-reported cognitive failures correlated positively (rs = .50 to .53) with similar constructs, whereas the associations with opposite constructs were negative (rs = -.13 to -.41). The broad acceptance and usefulness of the CFQ are also reflected by the fact that the CFQ has been translated into several languages, for example, Dutch (Merckelbach et al., 1996), German (Klumb, 1995), Hebrew (Meiran et al., 1994) and Spanish (García Martínez & Sánchez-Cánovas, 1994). In summary, the CFQ is a commonly used questionnaire which has proved to be a useful instrument to identify individuals prone to cognitive failures. Factor Structure of the CFQIn most applied studies the sum score across all CFQ items is used as a measure of being prone to everyday slips and errors, based on the assumption that the CFQ captures a general liability of cognitive failures. In accordance with this assumption, Broadbent et al. (1982) conducted a number of factor analyses in different samples and concluded that a single, general factor of cognitive failures adequately captured the dimensional structure of the CFQ. The authors found that apart from the "obvious general factor" (p. 5), results were rather variable.Subsequently, however, several investigators re-examined the factor structure of the CFQ and their results seem to question the notion of only one single and general factor (Larson, Alderton, Neideffer, & Underhill, 1997;Pollina, Greene, Tunick, & Puckett, 1992;Wagle, Berrios, & Ho, 1999;Wallace, 2004;Wallace, Kass, & Stanny, 2002). Details regarding these models can be 5 Measurement invariance of the CFQ retrieved from ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cognitive Failures Across the Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire Across the Adult Life Span

et al. 2008

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“…The subjects were then asked to recall a memory to each of the remaining 30 cue words in turn and, while they were thinking about that memory, to answer the 15 questions about it. Although many factors can affect people's judgments about their memories (for reviews, see Cavanaugh, Feldman, &Hertzog, 1998, andFiore, 1997), ratings given while an activity is ongoing, in contrast to retrospective reports, reflect the cognitive processes involved in that activity in ways that produce lawful relations and relate in reasonable ways to objective measures (Ericsson & Simon, 1993), and so we obtained our ratings while our subjects were being asked to remember each autobiographical memory. This part of the task was self-paced.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories

2003

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“…Frequently, SCI measures require recall of cognition over long periods of time (e.g., years); however, this too varies across assessments. Retrospective accounts over lengthy intervals lead to bias in responses as individuals will rely on generalizations about cognition rather than specific instances of recent performance (Cavanaugh, Feldman, & Hertzog, 1998). For example, individuals may focus on the experiences related to cognition that were emotionally intense (e.g., forgetting a medication that led to medical complications) but occurred months or years earlier.…”

Section: Sci Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Affective Symptoms: A systematic review

2016

The Gerontologist

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Purpose of Study: Subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) has been argued to reflect affective symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) rather than actual cognitive issues. Although a number of studies exist that look at the associations between SCI and affective symptoms, no review is available to aggregate this disparate literature. We addressed this gap by conducting a systematic review to better understand the relationships among SCI and affective symptoms among older adults in both community and clinical settings. Design and Methods: We reviewed available literature per the criteria of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Weight of evidence (WoE) ratings and narrative synthesis were completed for 58 articles. Results: A majority of studies focused on community-based samples (n = 40). Approximately half (53%) of the articles reviewed met high WoE criteria for the current review. Cross-sectional findings consistently identified a positive relationship among SCI and affective symptoms. Findings from available longitudinal studies (n = 9) were mixed but suggested a possible reciprocal relationship among SCI and depression. The relationship between SCI and anxiety appeared to be driven by fears over loss of function. Following consultation with health professionals, the association between SCI and anxiety was diminished or eliminated. Implications: Although SCI is consistently related to affective symptoms in older adults cross-sectionally, more longitudinal work is needed to understand their temporal relationship. Improved measurement of SCI would support a deeper understanding of the impact of SCI on psychological well-being.

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Memory Beliefs as Social Cognition: A Reconceptualization of What Memory Questionnaires Assess

Cited by 79 publications

References 59 publications

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire Across the Adult Life Span

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire Across the Adult Life Span

Belief and recollection of autobiographical memories

Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Affective Symptoms: A systematic review

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