Memory and Cognitive Abilities in University Professors: Evidence for Successful Aging

Shimamura, Arthur P.; Berry, Jane M.; Mangels, Jennifer A.; Rusting, Cheryl L.; Jurica, Paul J.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00510.x

Cited by 102 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Once at the peak, cognitive and sensory functioning will not last forever. Although growing older is not necessarily a clinical condition, a decrement in sensory (e.g., Cheng & Lin, 2012;Lindenberger & Baltes, 1994) and cognitive (Nyberg, B€ ackman, Erngrund, Olofsson, & Nilsson, 1996;Park et al, 2002) processing may accompany an otherwise healthy aging (Shimamura, Berry, Mangels, Rusting, & Jurica, 1995). Both sensory discrimination and memory processes play a crucial role in automatic deviance detection indicated by MMN (N€ a€ at€ anen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Aging and Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders

Kremláček

Kreegipuu

Tales

et al. 2016

Cortex

113

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The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) response is an event-related potential (ERP) component, which is automatically elicited by events that violate predictions based on prior events. VMMN experiments use visual stimulus repetition to induce predictions, and vMMN is obtained by subtracting the response to rare unpredicted stimuli from those to frequent stimuli. One increasingly popular interpretation of the mismatch response postulates that vMMN, similar to its auditory counterpart (aMMN), represents a prediction error response generated by cortical mechanisms forming probabilistic representations of sensory signals. Here we discuss the physiological and theoretical basis of vMMN and review thirty-three studies from the emerging field of its clinical applications, presenting a meta-analysis of findings in schizophrenia, mood disorders, substance abuse, neurodegenerative disorders, developmental disorders, deafness, panic disorder and hypertension. Furthermore, we include reports on aging and maturation as they bear upon many clinically relevant conditions. Surveying the literature we found that vMMN is altered in several clinical populations which is in line with aMMN findings. An important potential advantage of vMMN however is that it allows the investigation of deficits in predictive processing in cognitive domains which rely primarily on visual information; a principal sensory modality and thus of vital importance in environmental information processing and response, and a modality which arguably may be more sensitive to some pathological changes. However, due to the relative infancy of research in vMMN compared to aMMN in clinical populations its potential for clinical application is not yet fully appreciated. The aim of this review and meta-analysis therefore is to present, in a detailed systematic manner, the findings from clinically-based vMMN studies, to discuss their potential impact and application, to raise awareness of this measure and to improve our understanding of disease upon fundamental aspects of visual information processing. Furthermore, we include reports on aging and maturation as they bear upon many clinically relevant conditions. Surveying the literature we found that vMMN is altered in several 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 clinical populations which is in line with aMMN findings. An important potential advantage of vMMN however is that it allows the investigation of deficits in predictive processing in cognitive domains which rely primarily on visual information; a principal sensor...

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Section: Aging and Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders

Kremláček

Kreegipuu

Tales

et al. 2016

Cortex

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is preliminarily evidence suggesting that age-related decrements in certain cognitive functions may be mitigated in intelligent, cognitively active individuals (Craik, 1971;Rowe and Kahn, 1987;Shimamura et al, 1995), but there is little consensus about the precise nature of the relationship between health and psychosocial variables and cognition in aging. With regard to memory, the only psychosocial variable that loaded on the same factor as CVLT total (factor 3) was the subjective mental well-being score (Fig.…”

Section: Health and Psychosocial Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Düzel¹,

Münte²,

Lindenberger³

et al. 2010

Brain Research

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Age-related dysfunctions in cholinergic and dopaminergic neuromodulation are assumed to contribute to age-associated impairment of explicit memory. Both neurotransmitters also modulate attention, working memory, and processing speed. To date, in vivo evidence linking structural age-related changes in these neuromodulatory systems to dysfunction within or across these cognitive domains remains scarce. Using a factor analytical approach in a cross-sectional study including 86 healthy older (aged 55 to 83 years) and 24 young (aged 18 to 30 years) adults, we assessed the relationship between structural integrity-as measured by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)-of the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), main origin of dopaminergic projections, basal forebrain (major origin of cortical cholinergic projections), frontal white matter (FWM), and hippocampus to neuropsychological and psychosocial scores. Basal forebrain MTR and FWM changes correlated with a factor combining verbal learning and memory and working memory and, as indicated by measures of diffusion, were most likely due to vascular pathology. These findings suggest that frontal white matter integrity and cholinergic neuromodulation provide clues as to why age-related cognitive decline is often correlated across cognitive domains. IntroductionAge-related decline in learning and memory, often termed age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) (Crook et al., 1986), is a well-documented finding in healthy older adults (Balota et al., 2000;Cabeza et al., 2000;Craik, 1994;Salthouse, 2003), but the neurobiological correlates of this decline are still under debate. A consistent pattern of AAMI is a decrement in declarative memory (Tulving, 1985) most clearly apparent in impaired free recall and recollection (Buckner, 2004;Craik, 2006;Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004;Nilsson, 2003). Evidence from lesion studies in humans and animals indicates that

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“…[57]). As a consequence, both performance and brain-related measures tend to show greater variability in older than younger adults (e.g.…”

Section: Individual Differences In Cognition and Brain Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[46,57,61]). Education appears to mediate performance preservation via protective mechanisms that serve to promote more cognitively challenging daily activities or the use of alternative strategies (e.g.…”

Section: Which Aspects Of Ses Are Critical?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use it or lose it? SES mitigates age-related decline in a recency/recognition task

Czernochowski¹,

Fabiani

Friedman³

2008

Neurobiology of Aging

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An important goal of aging research is to determine factors leading to individual differences that might compensate for some of the deleterious effects of aging on cognition. To determine whether socio-economic status (SES) plays a role in mitigating age-related decrements in the recollection of contextual details, we categorized older participants into low-and high-SES groups. Event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral data were recorded in a picture memory task involving recency and recognition judgments. Young, old-low and old-high SES groups did not differ in recognition performance. However, on recency judgments, old-low subjects performed at chance, whereas oldhigh subjects did not differ significantly from young adults. Consistent with their preserved recency performance, a long-duration frontal negativity was significantly larger for recency compared to recognition trials in the ERPs of the old-high SES group only. These data suggest that older adults with higher SES levels can use strategies to compensate for the adverse effects of aging in complex source memory tasks by recruiting additional neural resources apparently not required by the young.

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Memory and Cognitive Abilities in University Professors: Evidence for Successful Aging

Cited by 102 publications

References 27 publications

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders

Visual mismatch negativity (vMMN): A review and meta-analysis of studies in psychiatric and neurological disorders

Basal forebrain integrity and cognitive memory profile in healthy aging

Use it or lose it? SES mitigates age-related decline in a recency/recognition task

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