Memory and Attention

Long, Nicole M.; Kuhl, Brice A.; Chun, Marvin M.

doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn109

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 189 publications

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“…Specifically, Reder and colleagues (e.g., Miner & Reder, 1994; Nhouyvanisvong & Reder, 1998; Reder, 1987, 1988; Reder & Ritter, 1992) proposed that the retrieval effort toward searching for an answer to a question is initially launched in the first place by a fast-acting feeling of knowing an answer. This notion fits with the view that memory retrieval mechanisms are essentially attentional mechanisms that are directed inward instead of outward (e.g., Logan et al, 2021; Long et al, 2018), insofar as it suggests a mechanism by which attention might be directed inward to begin a memory search. Although the mechanism was not specifically proposed to account for TOTs, it is possible that something similar takes place in the general knowledge question paradigm used to study TOTs, including in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

On the relationship between tip-of-the-tongue states and partial recollective experience: Illusory partial recollective access during tip-of-the-tongue states.

Huebert¹,

McNeely-White²,

Cleary³

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Most people have experienced the sensation of having a word on the tip of the tongue. A common assumption is that a major driving force underlying the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state is conscious partial recollective access to some of the unretrieved word’s attributes, such as its first letter. In the present study, under free-report conditions, participants provided more partial recollection responses during TOTs than non-TOTs without being more accurate among their provided responses. Under forced-guessing conditions in which participants needed to guess at the unidentified target word’s first letter, participants exhibited false partial recollective experience during TOTs. This was shown by a strong tendency during TOTs to indicate that they knew the first letter, when in actuality, they were wrong in their first-letter guess. An additional experiment showed illusory partial recollection of a contextual detail during TOTs relative to non-TOTs. The full pattern of results portrays an alternative possible theoretical relationship between TOT states and subjective partial recollective experience.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

On the relationship between tip-of-the-tongue states and partial recollective experience: Illusory partial recollective access during tip-of-the-tongue states.

Huebert¹,

McNeely-White²,

Cleary³

2023

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…Certainly, attention and episodic memory are inter-related, with enhanced attention leading to improved encoding and retrieval of information. It has been suggested that episodic memory processes are themselves, to an extent, ‘acts of attention’ [ 49 ]. As the attention and episodic memory tasks comprised the majority of the tasks that contributed to the global accuracy measure, it is possible that the improvements to the latter are simply a reflection of broad improvements to attention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

et al. 2020

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Extracts made from the leaves of the mango food plant (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae) have a long history of medicinal usage, most likely due to particularly high levels of the polyphenol mangiferin. In rodent models, oral mangiferin protects cognitive function and brain tissue from a number of challenges and modulates cerebro-electrical activity. Recent evidence has confirmed the latter effect in healthy humans following a mangiferin-rich mango leaf extract using quantitative electroencephalography (EEG). The current study therefore investigated the effects of a single dose of mango leaf extract, standardised to contain >60% mangiferin (Zynamite®), on cognitive function and mood. This study adopted a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design in which 70 healthy young adults (18 to 45 years) received 300 mg mango leaf extract and a matched placebo, on separate occasions, separated by at least 7 days. On each occasion, cognitive/mood assessments were undertaken pre-dose and at 30 min, 3 h and 5 h post-dose using the Computerised Mental Performance Assessment System (COMPASS) assessment battery and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The results showed that a single dose of 300 mg mango leaf extract significantly improved performance accuracy across the tasks in the battery, with domain-specific effects seen in terms of enhanced performance on an ‘Accuracy of Attention’ factor and an ‘Episodic Memory’ factor. Performance was also improved across all three tasks (Rapid Visual Information Processing, Serial 3s and Serial 7s subtraction tasks) that make up the Cognitive Demand Battery sub-section of the assessment. All of these cognitive benefits were seen across the post-dose assessments (30 min, 3 h, 5 h). There were no interpretable treatment related effects on mood. These results provide the first demonstration of cognition enhancement following consumption of mango leaf extract and add to previous research showing that polyphenols and polyphenol rich extracts can improve brain function.

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“…Much evidence suggests that memory suffers when attention is divided at the time of encoding. For example, dividing attention (DA) by encoding words or pictures while simultaneously performing a second, unrelated task negatively affects memory in young and older adults compared with full attention (FA), in which the second task is not performed (see Kilb & Naveh-Benjamin, 2014; Long, Kuhl, & Chun, 2018 for reviews). However, one exception to this rule is the attentional boost effect (ABE), in which memory is enhanced under DA encoding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The attentional boost effect for words in young and older adults.

Prull

2019

Psychology and Aging

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The attentional boost effect (ABE) refers to enhanced memory for information that is learned under conditions of divided attention in which participants encode stimuli while performing a second task involving target monitoring. The present investigation examined the ABE in young and young-old adults in forced-choice recognition (Experiment 1), and in young, young-old, and older-old adults in yes/no recognition that included manipulations of word frequency and study-to-test changes in modality (Experiments 2 and 3). Contrary to previous findings that showed an elimination of the ABE in young-old adults (Bechi Gabrelli, Spataro, Pezzuti, & Rossi-Arnaud, 2018), young-old adults exhibited an ABE whose magnitude did not differ from that of young adults. Older-old adults, however, displayed a reduced ABE compared with the young. The results may be understood by a framework in which age-related cognitive declines create vulnerable boosted memories in the ABE that are more easily disrupted over time than the boosted memories in young adults.

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Memory and Attention

Cited by 29 publications

References 189 publications

On the relationship between tip-of-the-tongue states and partial recollective experience: Illusory partial recollective access during tip-of-the-tongue states.

On the relationship between tip-of-the-tongue states and partial recollective experience: Illusory partial recollective access during tip-of-the-tongue states.

Acute Effects of a Polyphenol-Rich Leaf Extract of Mangifera indica L. (Zynamite) on Cognitive Function in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study

The attentional boost effect for words in young and older adults.

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