“…In addressing the challenge of foreign language (FL) vocabulary learning, the potential of various CALL approaches has been investigated: training students to use online corpora (Gordania, 2012) or web-based dictionaries (Al-Jarf, 2007;Ranalli, 2013), employing CALL tools to provide students with multimodal annotations (glosses) for vocabulary items (Gorjian, Moosavinia, Kavari, Asgari, & Hydarei, 2011;Poole, 2012), designing mobile applications with pre-created sets of activities (Stockwell, 2007), or using flashcard-based spaced repetition programs (Nakata, 2011;Zhu, Fung, & Wang, 2012), which rely on pair-associate vocabulary learning. The present paper will focus on the latter approach, dealing with pair-associate learning, because it can be efficiently applied to any set of vocabulary items without the need for the instructor to develop specific activities manually.…”