Memories are not written in stone: Re-writing fear memories by means of non-invasive brain stimulation and optogenetic manipulations

Borgomaneri, Sara; Battaglia, Simone; Sciamanna, Giuseppe; Tortora, Francesco; Laricchiuta, Daniela

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.036

Cited by 77 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 257 publications

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“…This may reflect the fact that the majority of our sample was drawn from South Italy, which at the time of data collection was less impacted by the pandemic than the North Italy. Therefore, our results for stress, anxiety and insomnia can be seen as a normal response to what was being observed through the media and experienced at the bedside; this could suggest expanding on studies relating to the cognitive regulation of emotional processes [ 33 , 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Stress and Maladaptive Coping of Italians Health Care Professionals during the First Wave of the Pandemic

et al. 2021

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Stress during the pandemic has had an impact on the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, little is known about coping and “maladaptive” coping behaviours of this population. This study investigates “maladaptive” coping behaviours and their correlation with stress, anxiety and insomnia of Italian HCPs during the pandemic. It reports on a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study based on a survey of 1955 Italian HCPs. Overall participants reported increases in cigarette smoking, time spent online and video playing. Overall reported alcohol consumption decreased but increased in those reporting drinking more than once a week. Those reporting starting smoking during the pandemic were found to have higher SAS and PSS scores. Those reporting being online for 3 or more hours were found to have higher ISS scores. Doctors who reported playing video games were found to have higher PSS, ISS and SAS scores whilst nurses who reported playing video games were found to have higher ISS scores. Doctors who reported playing for longer than one hour had higher PSS scores. Online behaviours may be a coping behaviour of HCPs affected by the pandemic. However, this is an underexplored area for the wellbeing of HCPs. These deficits need to be addressed going forward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Stress and Maladaptive Coping of Italians Health Care Professionals during the First Wave of the Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…The main limitations of such a pharmacological approach in the treatment of AD might include the adverse side effects of the drug as well as the low drug concentration across the blood brain barrier in the brain. Increasing attention has been paid to some nonpharmacological interventions, such as noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), as potential alternatives to treat AD-related cognitive impairment [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. In fact, NIBS techniques, such as transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), have been investigated for AD therapy [ 51 , 52 ], and perhaps, in the future, these novel treatment techniques could be applied to facilitate the effectiveness of pharmacological regimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Beneficial Effects of Combining Anti-Aβ Antibody NP106 and Curcumin Analog TML-6 on the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in APP/PS1 Mice

Su¹,

Hsu²,

Shen

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a multifactorial etiology. A multitarget treatment that modulates multifaceted biological functions might be more effective than a single-target approach. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment using anti-Aβ antibody NP106 and curcumin analog TML-6 versus monotherapy was investigated in an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD. Our data demonstrate that both combination treatment and monotherapy attenuated brain Aβ and improved the nesting behavioral deficit to varying degrees. Importantly, the combination treatment group had the lowest Aβ levels, and insoluble forms of Aβ were reduced most effectively. The nesting performance of APP/PS1 mice receiving combination treatment was better than that of other APP/PS1 groups. Further findings indicate that enhanced microglial Aβ phagocytosis and lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines were concurrent with the aforementioned effects of NP106 in combination with TML-6. Intriguingly, combination treatment also normalized the gut microbiota of APP/PS1 mice to levels resembling the wild-type control. Taken together, combination treatment outperformed NP106 or TML-6 monotherapy in ameliorating Aβ pathology and the nesting behavioral deficit in APP/PS1 mice. The superior effect might result from a more potent modulation of microglial function, cerebral inflammation, and the gut microbiota. This innovative treatment paradigm confers a new avenue to develop more efficacious AD treatments.

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“…More interestingly, there are promising therapeutic methods of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), as valid alternatives in the treatment of abnormally persistent memories for those patients with anxiety disorders who do not respond to psychotherapy and/or drug treatments [ 44 , 45 ]. Fear processing has been improved, but new technologies like NIBS and optogenetics will lead to a more specific identification and manipulation of the neurobiology of fear, which might lead to the discovery of a suitable therapeutic target for pathological fear states [ 46 ]. This fear-inducing factor, the COVID-19 pandemic, activates specific neural networks, which in turn determine dysfunctional behaviors, such as lack of action control and motor inhibition, being associated with psychopathological and psychiatric conditions characterized by serious impulsivity problems that could determine severe impairment or distress [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety, Perceived Stress, and Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population Estimates of Persons Presenting to a General Practitioner in Romania

et al. 2021

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Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals are experiencing severe mental distress. Thus, during the last year, drastic changes occurred in everyday life of every human being. Following social distancing and economic insecurity, significant increases in mental health concerns (loneliness, anxiety, depression, or insomnia) have developed. The objective of this study was to explore the anxiety, perceived stress, and resilience in a population presenting at the general practitioner, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected between February and April 2021 and 440 individuals who presented to the general practitioner were evaluated. Concerning anxiety level, almost half of the respondents (49,3%, N = 217) scored above the threshold value on the anxiety scale (mild intensity 38.6%, moderate intensity 9.9%, severe intensity 0.8%). Having a low level of resilience, as well as experiencing a high level of stress, are both predictive of the occurrence of high anxiety (p < 0.001, r = −0.551 and p < 0.001, r = 0.622, respectively). Furthermore, resilience is negatively related to perceived stress (p < 0.001, r = −0.676). It is critical in the current crisis to recognize those at risk of developing mental illnesses, taking into consideration the various socioeconomic classes, as well as to maintain and improve the general public’s mental health using appropriate psychological interventions.

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Memories are not written in stone: Re-writing fear memories by means of non-invasive brain stimulation and optogenetic manipulations

Cited by 77 publications

References 257 publications

Stress and Maladaptive Coping of Italians Health Care Professionals during the First Wave of the Pandemic

Stress and Maladaptive Coping of Italians Health Care Professionals during the First Wave of the Pandemic

The Beneficial Effects of Combining Anti-Aβ Antibody NP106 and Curcumin Analog TML-6 on the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in APP/PS1 Mice

Anxiety, Perceived Stress, and Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population Estimates of Persons Presenting to a General Practitioner in Romania

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