Mémoires sur les animaux sans vertèbres /

Savigny, Jules-César; Dall, William Healey; Walcott, W. H. L.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.65971

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The zooids are joined by their ventral side, the cloacal siphons opening outward into channels surrounding the group of zooids. This pattern is the reverse of that in many other species, such as B. schlosseri (Pallas, 1774) and B. leachi Savigny (1816) where the zooids are arranged in systems each having a central common cloacal cavity. The arrangement of groups of zooids separated by meandering channels is most often encountered in colonies growing on marine phanerogams, in this case ones 2 cm in width.…”

Section: Remarks and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Microcosmus exasperatus is cosmopolitan in warm waters. It differs from Microcosmus pupa (Savigny, 1816) by the absence in the former of endocarps and the shape of its gonads, made of lobes in a line. MICHAELSEN, 1918 (Figs 27D,32) Microcosmus madagascariensis, Michaelsen, 1918: 20 -Madagascar, Nosy-Be;Vasseur, 1969, -Madagascar, Tulear.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The general organization of this species is very similar to that of Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816). It differs by having a smaller size, the constant presence of embedded sand in the tunic, and the absence of endocarps on the body wall itself.…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The species is dedicated to H. Coutière who collected many ascidians in the Red sea. Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Metandrocarpa reducta Monniot C., 1988 Amphicarpa inhacae (Millar, 1956) Amphicarpa prolifera (Sluiter, 1905) Eusynstyela hartmeyeri Michaelsen, 1904 Eusynstyela miniata (Sluiter, 1905) Stolonica multitestis Stolonica laevis Polycarpa anguinea (Sluiter, 1898) Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890) Polycarpa arnoldi (Michaelsen, 1914) Polycarpa gradata Polycarpa madagascariensis Michaelsen, 1912 Polycarpa mytiligera (Savigny, 1816) Polycarpa nigricans Heller, 1878 Polycarpa plantei Polycarpa pori Polycarpa stirpes Kott, 1985Polycarpa suesana Michaelsen, 1919 Cnemidocarpa concha Cnemidocarpa hemprichi Hartmeyer, 1916 Cnemidocarpa irene (Hartmeyer, 1906) Cnemidocarpa margaritifera Michaelsen, 1919 Cnemidocarpa schumacheri Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816) Styela meteoris Styela plicata (Lesueur, 1823) Pyura gangelion (Savigny, 1816) Pyura mozambica Pyura scortea Kott, 1985 Pyura tongaea Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1976Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878 Microcosmus madagascariensis Michaelsen, 1918Microcosmus pupa Savigny, 1816Microcosmus squamiger Michaelsen, 1927Halocynthia spinosa Sluiter, 1905 Herdmania coutieri Herdmania momus (Savigny, 1816) Herdmania pallida (Heller, 1878) Molgula dione (Savigny, 1816) Molgula longitubis…”

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our records are essentially from the African coast. The first author who described ascidians from the Red Sea was Savigny (1816) from an expedition in Egypt. A century later, Sluiter (1905) studied the material that Ch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean

Monniot

2002

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Coastal ascidians collected over two centuries from Suez to Mozambique have been successively deposited in the MNHN and are now described and figured. Some of them were already known from the Indian Ocean, others are common to the Pacific, and some others are new species. Even though the present taxonomic work notably increases our knowledge of the tropical eastern African coast, it comprises so many miscellaneous collections from such distant points that it can only begin to suggest the diversity of ascidians there. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 135, 65–120.

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Section: Remarks and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean

Monniot

2002

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

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Spicule formation in the solitary ascidian, herdmania momus

Lambert

1987

Journal of Morphology

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Two types of calcareous spicules occur abundantly in Herdmania momus, a solitary pyurid ascidian with a worldwide warm water distribution. The large spindle-shaped body spicules are 1.5-2.5-mm long and are located primarily in the mantle, siphons, and branchial basket. Each body spicule possesses 100 or more rows of overlapping, unidirectional fringing spines. Numerous body spicules occur regularly spaced within a long common sheath of complex structure, and there are many sheaths per animal. Between neighboring body spicules and overlying the fringing spines are the tightly connected pseudopodial sclerocytes. Spine formation is hypothesized to occur within these cells. The body spicules apparently continue to increase in size throughout the animal's life. The tunic spicules are about one tenth the length of the body spicules. They have 20-40 rows of unidirectional nonoverlapping fringing spines and a mace-shaped spiny base that anchors them at the tunic surface. They form quickly in individual spicular envelopes inside the tunic blood vessels over a 4-5-day period. Each tunic spicule then leaves its surrounding envelope and blood vessel, passes into the tunic, and ultimately protrudes through the outer surface of the tunic. An organic covering inside the envelope closely adheres to the tunic spicules and stains with toluidine blue. Dissolution of the CaCO mineral phase by EDTA or EDTA-cetylpyridinium chloride-formaldehyde reveals an intricately patterned organic matrix within or upon which the spicules develop.

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Illuminating the richness of the ascidian fossil record: a new exceptionally diverse assemblage of ascidian spicules from the Middle Miocene of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Łukowiak,

Mandic,

Omalecka

et al. 2024

Papers in Palaeontology

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Ascidians, or sea squirts, are sac‐like sessile tunicates commonly found in modern seas. Although the oldest ascidians, or at least ascidian‐like tunicates, are mid‐Cambrian in age, the quality of the ascidian fossil record is extraordinarily poor. It mostly consists of isolated finds or low‐diversity assemblages, often represented by mineral spicules. Our study reports the world's most diverse assemblage of ascidian spicules, originating from the Middle Miocene Bogutovo Selo near Ugljevik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This material includes 31 spicule types, with four assignable to species (Lissoclinum cf. perforatum, Polysyncraton cf. bilobatum, Didemnum cf. vexillum and D. cf. leopardi) and 10 to genera, all belonging to aplousobranchiate ascidians. Comparing our findings with those of two other studies that use modern biological nomenclature, our assemblage shows a closer resemblance to the distant Eocene Australian assemblage than to the Miocene ascidians from Eastern Paratethys. This suggests the persistence of a once‐homogeneous and widely distributed Eocene fauna into the Miocene, while the Eastern Paratethyan basin developed an endemic fauna after the isolation of Eastern Paratethys from the open sea. Some taxa of our assemblage currently inhabit the Mediterranean Sea. The discovery of one species in distant South African waters suggests that tectonic and environmental changes during the Late Miocene, including the closure of the Gibraltar Strait and prior disconnection from the Indian Ocean, may have limited its survival to remote refugia. The study underscores the importance of including spicules in reconstructing ascidian faunas in the geological past, an area that has been surprisingly understudied.

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Mémoires sur les animaux sans vertèbres /

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean

Stolidobranch ascidians from the tropical western Indian Ocean

Spicule formation in the solitary ascidian, herdmania momus

Illuminating the richness of the ascidian fossil record: a new exceptionally diverse assemblage of ascidian spicules from the Middle Miocene of Bosnia and Herzegovina

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