Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava and its causal relation to hepatocellular carcinoma

Kew, Michael C.; Hodkinson, H J

doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2005.01194.x

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…IVC webs are rare in North American and northern European populations and more common in Asian and South African populations (16). Imaging shows a complete or Figure 3.…”

Section: Ivc Websmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Imaging Evaluation of the Inferior Vena Cava

Smillie¹,

Shetty²,

Boyer³

et al. 2015

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105

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The inferior vena cava (IVC) is an essential but often overlooked structure at abdominal imaging. It is associated with a wide variety of congenital and pathologic processes and can be a source of vital information for referring clinicians. Initial evaluation of the IVC is most likely to occur at computed tomography performed for another indication. Many routine abdominal imaging protocols may result in suboptimal evaluation of the IVC; however, techniques to assist in specific evaluation of the IVC can be used. In this article, the authors review the spectrum of IVC variants and pathologic processes and the relevant findings from magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, sonography, and positron emission tomography. Embryologic development of the IVC and examples of congenital IVC variants, such as absence, duplication, left-sided location, azygous or hemiazygous continuation, and web formation, are described. The authors detail IVC involvement in Wilms tumor, leiomyosarcoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma, testicular carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and other neoplasms, as well as postsurgical, traumatic, and infectious entities (including filter malposition, mesocaval shunt, and septic thrombophlebitis). The implications of these entities for patient treatment and instances in which specific details should be included in the dictated radiology report are highlighted. Furthermore, the common pitfalls of IVC imaging are discussed. The information provided in this review will allow radiologists to detect and accurately characterize IVC abnormalities to guide clinical decision making and improve patient care.

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“…IVC webs are rare in North American and northern European populations and more common in Asian and South African populations (16). Imaging shows a complete or Figure 3.…”

Section: Ivc Websmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…IVC web formation is an uncommon IVC anomaly that has been described as resulting from a congenital vascular anomaly or the sequela of thrombus formation (16). IVC webs are rare in North American and northern European populations and more common in Asian and South African populations (16).…”

Section: Ivc Websmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging Evaluation of the Inferior Vena Cava

Smillie¹,

Shetty²,

Boyer³

et al. 2015

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105

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“…Aflatoxin B 1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC in tropical and sub-tropical climates of sub-Saharan Africa [18]. Rural dwelling men and women are equally likely to be affected.…”

Section: Aflatoxin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These adducts are mutagenic and carcinogenic. In addition an arginine to serine mutation at codon 249 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is produced which contributes to the hepato carcinogenesis [18].…”

Section: Aflatoxin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepato Cellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Black African Women

Kew¹

2016

JLRDT

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Although the occurrence of hepato cellular carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Black African males has been reasonably fully documented relatively little information on the characteristics of the tumor in Black African females has hitherto been published. There has also been a tendency to under-estimate the occurrence of the tumor in this population. Nevertheless, the incidence of hepato cellular carcinoma in Black African women is appreciably lower than that in Black African men with an average incidence of 1.0:3.4. Black African women with his tumor are generally older than Black African men with hepato cellular carcinoma, with a mean age of 51.0 years and a range of 16 to 80 years in comparison with a mean age of 33.4 years and 50% of the male patients being younger than 30 years of age. The symptoms and physical signs of hepato cellular carcinoma do not differ significantly between females and males. Black African women have a similar rate of chronic hepatitis B virus infection as Black African men excluding this etiologic agent as the explanation for the lower rate of the tumor in women. Black women are as likely as Black men to develop hepatitis C virus and aflatoxin B 1 -induced hepato cellular carcinoma. However, dietary iron overload which plays an important role in the causation of the tumor in rural black African men plays a very much lesser role in Black African women.

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“…Using the database from the current issues of the journals belonging to Wiley InterScience reveals that in the medical and surgical practice-as well as in medical imaging-that portion of the IVC lying together with the posterior part of the diaphragmatic surface is denominated either the as hepatic portion of the IVC (Okuda et al, 1998;Kew and Hodkinson, 2006;Shrestha and Shrestha, 2007), or as the retrohepatic portion of the IVC (Mehran et al, 2000;Belghiti et al, 2001;Hirai et al, 2003;Nimura, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%