Membrane treatment of side-stream cooling tower water for reduction of water usage

Altman, Susan J.; Jensen, Richard P.; Cappelle, Malynda A.; Sanchez, Andres L.; Everett, Randy L.; Anderson, Herbert; McGrath, Lucas K.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.052

Cited by 55 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Altman et al (2012) used reverse osmosis for the treatment of a recirculating stream of a cooling tower, achieving a 16% reduction in water replacement and 49% in effluent purge (Altman et al, 2012). Limpt and Wal (2014) treated the make up stream and achieved savings of up to 85% of chemical inputs, 28% of make up water and 48% of discharged effluent (van Limpt and van der Wal, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wastewater reuse in a cascade based system of a petrochemical industry for the replacement of losses in cooling towers

Hansen

Rodrigues

Aquim

2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wastewater reuse in a cascade based system of a petrochemical industry for the replacement of losses in cooling towers

Hansen

Rodrigues

Aquim

2016

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Since 2003, in Australia, more than 30 new RO plants have been constructed and commissioned for either seawater desalination or water recycling [7,8]. In addition, the widespread use of small-to medium-scale RO systems has been seen for brackish water desalination for mine sites [9], remote communities [10], military outposts [11] and a range of industrial applications such as coal seam gas produced water treatment, cooling water demineralisation [12], and wine-making [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of chemical preservation on flux and solute rejection by reverse osmosis membranes

Tu¹,

Chivas²,

Nghiem³

2014

Journal of Membrane Science

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a b s t r a c tThis study investigates the impacts of chemical preservation on the performance of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with respect to water permeability and solute rejection. Three preservative chemicals, namely formaldehyde, sodium metabisulfite, and 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide, were evaluated for membrane preservation at pH 3 and 7. Experimental data show that chemical preservation may change the membrane surface properties, and consequently water permeability and solute rejection efficiency of the membrane are negatively impacted. The impacts of preservation on boron rejection and sodium rejection are similar in magnitude and more significant than those on water permeability. The results indicate that the impact of chemical preservation on the membrane depends on both the preserving chemicals used and the solution pH value. More importantly, the undesirable impacts of chemical preservation can be minimised by appropriate selection of the preservatives and by preserving the membrane in a reducing condition. A near-neutral pH (i.e., pH 7) is necessary to avoid any significant negative impacts on membrane performance due to chemical preservation using either formaldehyde or sodium metabisulfite. Results reported here suggest that the previously recommended minimum pH value of 3 of the preservative solution may be inadequate.Crown

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“…The treated permeate is returned to the cooling circuit while the concentrate is discharged as wastewater (Altman et al. ). Here, the concentrate discharge corresponds to around 34% of the previously generated blowdown.…”

Section: Application Of the Methodological Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Process Modeling to Increase Energy and Water Efficiency of Industrial Cooling Water Systems

Schlei-Peters¹,

Wichmann²,

Matthes³

et al. 2017

J of Industrial Ecology

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Summary Cooling water systems (CWS) are one of the main energy and water using operations in industry. Existing CWS in operation provide high improvement potentials in environmental and economic performance through optimized operation and system control. Industry often fails to realize these potentials, given that the efficiency measures as well as their technical, economic, and ecological impact are mostly unknown because of the lack of appropriate approaches. This article presents a holistic approach to the systematic identification and assessment of efficiency measures that support industry in improving the operation and system control of large‐scale CWS consisting of one or multiple cooling towers, heat exchangers, and pumps. Based on material flow analysis coupled with process modeling, a material and energy flow model of CWS is developed. The model enables the investigation of different adjustments in operation of CWS in order to identify and assess specific efficiency measures. The approach is applied to a CWS of a real manufacturing facility. The results show, first, high validity of the approach as compared to a real system. Second, the effectiveness of the approach, given that the model allows fast and simple identification and assessment of efficiency measures that save up to 16% energy and 24% water in the presented case study.

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Membrane treatment of side-stream cooling tower water for reduction of water usage

Cited by 55 publications

References 5 publications

Wastewater reuse in a cascade based system of a petrochemical industry for the replacement of losses in cooling towers

Wastewater reuse in a cascade based system of a petrochemical industry for the replacement of losses in cooling towers

Effects of chemical preservation on flux and solute rejection by reverse osmosis membranes

Integrated Material Flow Analysis and Process Modeling to Increase Energy and Water Efficiency of Industrial Cooling Water Systems

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