Membrane Transport

Stillwell, William

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63772-7.00019-1

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Phagocytosis is, therefore, the designated function of specialized Phagocytic cells of the immune system, since it allows the engulfment of invasive microorganisms, and can also aid in the elimination of cellular debris such as apoptotic bodies from tissues [ 28 ]. Conversely, pinocytosis mediates the controlled uptake of smaller molecules suspended in the extracellular fluid through invaginations of the plasma membrane (PM) and, in turn, is commonly referred to as “cellular drinking” [ 29 ]. This mechanism is responsible for the majority of cellular uptake [ 25 ].…”

Section: Enhancing Ion Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape

et al. 2020

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Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.

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Section: Enhancing Ion Internalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape

et al. 2020

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“…Other examples of CIE include fluid‐phase endocytosis and macropinocytosis whereby large volumes of extracellular medium are internalised via a non‐selective mechanism largely dynamin‐independent (Mayor & Pagano, 2007). Macropinocytosis is a unique form of CIE mediated by actin‐dependent rearrangements of a large area of the plasma membrane leading to the formation of intracellular vacuoles spanning 0.5–5 µm, known as macropinosomes (Stillwell, 2016).…”

Section: Mechanisms For Neuronal Entry Of Taumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, accumulating evidence indicates that EVs are internalised via multiple CIE routes, including lipid microdomain‐mediated uptake, as demonstrated by the dose–dependent decrease of EV internalisation caused by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis (Costa Verdera et al, 2017) (Figure 1b; 4–5). Macropinocytosis has also been considered due to the large size of macropinosomes (Stillwell, 2016) and the pharmacological inhibition by EIPA, which reduces EV uptake (Costa Verdera et al, 2017) (Figure 1b; 3). However, direct evidence for the uptake mechanism of tau‐containing EVs is currently lacking.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Neuronal Entry Of Taumentioning

confidence: 99%

Knockin’ on heaven’s door: Molecular mechanisms of neuronal tau uptake

La-Rocque

Moretto

Butnaru

et al. 2020

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Since aggregates of the microtubule‐binding protein tau were found to be the main component of neurofibrillary tangles more than 30 years ago, their contribution to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and tauopathies has become well established. Recent work shows that both tau load and its distribution in the brain of AD patients correlate with cognitive decline more closely compared to amyloid plaque deposition. In addition, the amyloid cascade hypothesis has been recently challenged because of disappointing results of clinical trials designed to treat AD by reducing beta‐amyloid levels, thus fuelling a renewed interest in tau. There is now robust evidence to indicate that tau pathology can spread within the central nervous system via a prion‐like mechanism following a stereotypical pattern, which can be explained by the trans‐synaptic inter‐neuronal transfer of pathological tau. In the receiving neuron, tau has been shown to take multiple routes of internalisation, which are partially dependent on its conformation and aggregation status. Here, we review the emerging mechanisms proposed for the uptake of extracellular tau in neurons and the requirements for the propagation of its pathological conformers, addressing how they gain access to physiological tau monomers in the cytosol. Furthermore, we highlight some of the key mechanistic gaps of the field, which urgently need to be addressed to expand our understanding of tau propagation and lead to the identification of new therapeutic strategies for tauopathies.

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“…Connect cells for electrical and metabolic (sugars, ions, amino acids, nucleotides) communication [220]. Autoand paracrine communication Plasma-generated ROS and intracellular ROS produced upon plasma treatment triggered bystander effect and damaged GJs [197] Bystander effect: GJs can transmit ROS and cell death signals to neighbouring cells [196,221] Connexins Form gap junctions, transfer ions, small messengers, and metabolites.…”

Section: Unknownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modifying the Tumour Microenvironment: Challenges and Future Perspectives for Anticancer Plasma Treatments

Privat-Maldonado

Bengtson

Razzokov

et al. 2019

Cancers

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Tumours are complex systems formed by cellular (malignant, immune, and endothelial cells, fibroblasts) and acellular components (extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and secreted factors). A close interplay between these factors, collectively called the tumour microenvironment, is required to respond appropriately to external cues and to determine the treatment outcome. Cold plasma (here referred as ‘plasma’) is an emerging anticancer technology that generates a unique cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to eliminate cancerous cells via multiple mechanisms of action. While plasma is currently regarded as a local therapy, it can also modulate the mechanisms of cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM communication, which could facilitate the propagation of its effect in tissue and distant sites. However, it is still largely unknown how the physical interactions occurring between cells and/or the ECM in the tumour microenvironment affect the plasma therapy outcome. In this review, we discuss the effect of plasma on cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM communication in the context of the tumour microenvironment and suggest new avenues of research to advance our knowledge in the field. Furthermore, we revise the relevant state-of-the-art in three-dimensional in vitro models that could be used to analyse cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM communication and further strengthen our understanding of the effect of plasma in solid tumours.

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Membrane Transport

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape

Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape

Knockin’ on heaven’s door: Molecular mechanisms of neuronal tau uptake

Modifying the Tumour Microenvironment: Challenges and Future Perspectives for Anticancer Plasma Treatments

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