Membrane Separation Processes

Richardson, John F.; Harker, J.H.; Backhurst, J.R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-049064-9.50019-9

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The yield with DCM increased by 1.1% from 25 °C to 30 °C followed by an inconsistent decrease of 0.1-0.3% to 45 °C. Increasing temperature enhances both the diffusion coefficient and solubility of extracts to the solvent and, hence, improves extraction rate (Richardson et al, 2002). However, for DCM the increase in temperature gave slightly lower yields due to high solvent volatility, reducing the solvent turnover rate.…”

Section: Effect Of Extraction Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This improves interaction between the sample and solvent implying a larger extraction rate and, hence, higher yields. However, when the sample particle is too small agglomeration may occur, which reduces the effective surface area available for diffusion of the solvent in the solid sample (Richardson et al, 2002;Tzia & Liadakis, 2003). The principle holds for a particle size of 0.4mm that yielded less than 2% of the total yield compared to particles with 1mm size.…”

Section: Effects Of Particle Size Of a Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax

Mabiki

Magadula²,

Mdegela³

et al. 2013

IJC

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Optimization of extraction conditions and phytochemical screening of the root bark of Synadenium glaucescens were carried out in a stepwise manner in order to obtain the highest yields and the constituents of the extracts. Sequential extraction using Soxhlet method was performed using dichloromethane, hexane and petroleum ether, respectively, each followed by ethanol. Extraction conditions included: running time of 2 to 6 hours, temperature at 25 o C to 95 o C and particle size ranging from 0.4mm to >3mm diameter. Phytochemical screening was done using derivatisation techniques, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Extraction with dichloromethane followed by ethanol resulted in a higher yield by 25%, within 4 hrs of extraction, particle size of 1mm, at temperatures of 30 o C for dichloromethane and 75 o C for ethanol. Fatty acid analysis indicated absence of free fatty acids in both Dichloromethane and ethanolic extracts. Silylation and Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of non hindered and hindered functionality and the presence of triterpenoids in the dichloromethane extract. Phytochemical screening of the dichloromethane extracts indicated that it is composed of two main triterpenoids that best matched with Lanosterol (42%) and Cycloartenol (31%). Other minor compounds identified through chromatographic analysis were phytol, ergostadiol, hentriacontane, sitastirol aceate, lupeol and hopenone. The ethanolic extracts indicated the presence of polyphenolic compounds.

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Section: Effect Of Extraction Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Particle Size Of a Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax

Mabiki

Magadula²,

Mdegela³

et al. 2013

IJC

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A bed of silk fibers with different porosities is shown in Table 2.2: Experimental values for K'' for silk fiber packed columns of different porosities (Lord 1951 This entire derivation is based on the assumption that the fluid flow in the porous structure is entirely laminar. A modified Reynold's number for flow in porous media (Richardson 2002) provides this confirmation in the following experiments. This modification multiplies the characteristic length, the average velocity, and fluid density (ρ) and divides by viscosity to get…”

Section: 3is Then Rewritten Asmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…In this packed-sphere case, the porosity is 0.4, K'' is 5, and the specific surface area is 6x10 4 (1/m) (Richardson 2002 Recall that the silk porous structure has a porosity of 0.9 and a specific surface area of 7x10 5 (1/m). The silk structure has more than double the porosity, one-order of magnitude greater surface area, and it only costs a one-order of magnitude increase in pressure loss.…”

Section: Tortuositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Silk Cryogels for Microfluidics

Hinojosa

2000

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Silk fibroin from silkworm cocoons is found in numerous applications ranging from textiles to medical implants. Its recent adoption as a biomaterial is due to the material's strength, biocompatibility, self-assembling behavior, programmable degradability, optical clarity, and its ability to be functionalized with antibodies and proteins. In the field of bioengineering it has been utilized as a tissue scaffolding, drug delivery system, biosensor, and implantable electrode. This work suggests a new application for porous silk in a microscale chromatography column. We demonstrate in situ cryotropic polymerization of highly porous structures in microscale geometries by freezing aqueous silk with a solvent. The resulting cryogels are experimentally characterized using flow parameters common in chromatography design; tortuosity, global pressure drop, pore diameter, and porosity. These empirical parameters are put into porous flow models to calculate an order-of-magnitude increase in functional surface area over the blank capillaries and packed-sphere columns used in traditional designs. Additionally, the pressure requirements to produce relevant flow rates in these structures are found not to threaten the integrity of microfluidic seals or connectors.

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“…In this process active carbon is the solid [1]. Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute accumulates on the surface of a solid which is called as adsorbent or the material doing adsorbing, forming a molecular or atomic film which is called as the adsorbate or material that being adsorbed [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Process for Acrylic Acid Removal from Wastewater

Saad

2016

CHEMICA: Jurnal Teknik Kimia

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The objectives of this study were to develop the mathematical model of the adsorption process of the acrylic acid by using the activated carbon and also to validate the simulation of the adsorption process by using the experimental data. Simulation of the adsorption process is necessary to understand the acrylic acid removal using adsorption process. Acrylic acid is removed from the waste water because it can cause serious damage to the environment due to its high toxicity for the aquatic organisms. As a conclusion, the objective is expected to achieve. The new mathematical model of the adsorption process of the acrylic acid by using the activated carbon can be created. The validation of the simulation is carried out to compare the simulation data with the experiment data.

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Membrane Separation Processes

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Phytochemical Screening of Root Extract of Synadenium glaucescens Pax

Silk Cryogels for Microfluidics

Adsorption Process for Acrylic Acid Removal from Wastewater

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