Membrane permeability in normal human lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia

Hallak, G J; Wilkinson, J. H.

doi:10.1016/0009-8981(76)90514-3

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Enhancing or blocking antibodies have been described in relation to tumour growth or regression (Sjogren et a / , 1972;Baldwin et al, 1972) but there is no special reason why an antibody should be responsible for the effects seen here. Many small molecules which could affect the energy level of the cell or culture medium might be responsible for this 'serum' factor effect (Hallak & Wilkinson, 1976). However, since our first examination of CLL sera was carried out in the belief that 'enhancing' or 'blocking' antibodies may be present, this was the first avenue to be explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Antibodies in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia

Lewis

Pegrum

1978

Br J Haematol

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In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia a factor in patients' serum enhances the in vitro viability of the abnormal cells and this has been identified as an antibody. The activity of this factor can be removed by interaction with anti-immunoglobulin and by ammonium sulphate precipitation with a degree of saturation in excess of 46%. Cohn fractionation and chromatography with A-50 Sephadex show that the factor is not a complex but an immunoglobulin. No activity is removed after reaction of sera with 2-mercapto-ethanol and di-thiothreitol. The evidence therefore suggests that a gamma-G immunoglobulin is involved. Concentrated washings from the leukaemic cells behave in exactly the same way as patients' sera and activity is retained in the same fraction during precipitation and purification procedure. The extensive cross-reactivity of the sera suggests a common chronic lymphatic leukaemic antibody and it is considered that an active autoimmune response may be an integral part of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Antibodies in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia

Lewis

Pegrum

1978

Br J Haematol

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“…Several apparently unrelated observations dealing with, for example, the location of serum proteins in the nucleus (55) and the leakage of cytoplasmic proteins from intact cells (23,32,54)may be accounted for by assuming that the nuclear and plasma membranes and probably other intracellular membranes as well are permeable to certain macromolecules by diffusion as implied in this membrane model. This permeability, is an intersting weakness of tumor cells because of the possibility of introducing macromolecular agents that are harmful for their proliferative metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A model for the diffusion of water soluble proteins across adenylate kinase (5), NDP kinase (2), ATPase (3, 43), and protein kinase (6, 44). Phenomena such as ghost resealing ( c $ :26), secretion of proteins apparently without exocytosis (23,32), and the transport of polynucleotides across intact plasma membranes (cf. : 36)are difficult to explain with the traditional lipid bilayer concept of a plasma membrane.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Fluid Double Polar-Nonpolar-Polar Leaflet Model for Biological Membranes

Cervén

1976

Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences

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A model for biological membranes is proposed according to which the plasma membrane consists of two functionally different polar-nonpolar-polar leaflets separated by a polar space. The binding of watersoluble proteins, integral lipoproteins and spanning proteins to a biological membrane as well as possible Conformations of interphase peptides partitioned between polar and nonpolar layers are discussed. A model for the diffusion of water soluble proteins across adenylate kinase (5), NDP kinase (2), ATPase (3, 43), and protein kinase (6, 44). Phenomena such as ghost resealing ( c $ :26), secretion of proteins apparently without exocytosis (23,32), and the transport of polynucleotides across intact plasma membranes (cf.: 36)are difficult to explain with the traditional lipid bilayer concept of a plasma membrane. This concept for biological membranes in general has previously been questioned nonpolar layers Of a membrane is described. Three complete biological membranes containing two leaflets and an inter-leaflet space are defined. These are: 1:The inner nuclear membrane + the perinuclear space and the endoplasmatic cisternae + the outer nuclear membrane and the endoplasmatic reticulum, 2: the inner mitochondrial membrane + the mitochondrial intermembraneous space + the outer mitochondrial membrane and 3: the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane + an intramembraneous space in the plasma membrane + the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane.on morphological (43, chemical (28) and biofunctional (28) grounds. Perhaps the most convincing objection is that lipids can be extracted from Some biological membranes without altering the usual trilaminar appearance in electronmicroscopic pictures (18). Also the nature of the material in the sheet which does not st& with osmium remains undetermined because according to the traditional view strong hydrophobic bonds would be expected to be present thus preventing, for example, tangential splitting of this region on freeze-etching (6: 51).

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“…Differences were also found in the cryobiological characteristics of the immune cells. Hallak et al demonstrated that cell membrane permeabilities to water depended on the donors' health condition and age [86]. This difference in cell membrane property may explain the different performance of those immune cells in surviving cryopreservation.…”

Section: Impacts Of Cryopreservation On Immune Cell Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Cryopreservation of Stem Cells and Immune Cells for Cytotherapy

Shu¹,

Heimfeld²,

Huang³

et al. 2015

Progress in Stem Cell Transplantation

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Cellular therapy with stem and immune cells has demonstrated significant success both in clinical treatments and the industrial market. Cryopreservation is a necessary and essential component of cellular therapy. In this chapter, first of all, some basic theories of cryoinjury and techniques in cryopreservation are reviewed. Then it focuses on the progress of cryopreservation of stem cells and immune cells, including new protocols and techniques, alternative cryoprotective agents CP" , side effects after transplantation, and advances in reducing adverse reactions. Strategies to minimize adverse effects include medication before and after transplantation, optimizing the infusion procedure, reducing the CP" concentration or using alternative CP"s for cryopreservation, and removing CP" prior to infusion. Traditional and newly developed approaches including methods and devices for CP" removal are discussed. Future work is recommended including further optimization of cryopreservation protocols especially for lymphocytes standardization of the optimized protocols with temperature monitoring and quality control exploration of DMSO-free, serum-free, and even xeno-free media for cryopreservation development of simple, reliable, and cost-effective devices for cryopreservation and more fundamental cryobiological studies to avoid cellular injury

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Membrane permeability in normal human lymphocytes and lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Autoimmune Antibodies in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia

Autoimmune Antibodies in Chronic Lymphatic Leukaemia

The Fluid Double Polar-Nonpolar-Polar Leaflet Model for Biological Membranes

Progress in Cryopreservation of Stem Cells and Immune Cells for Cytotherapy

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