Membrane lipids of mesophilic anaerobic bacteria thriving in peats have typical archaeal traits

Weijers, Johan W. H.; Schouten, Stefan; Hopmans, Ellen C.; Geenevasen, Jan A. J.; David, Olivier; Coleman, Joanna M.; Pancost, Richard D.; Damsté, Jaap S. Sinninghe

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00941.x

Cited by 447 publications

(364 citation statements)

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“…This is in contrast with peat bogs, where concentrations of branched GDGTs increase with depth and are clearly highest in the anoxic part of the profile ( Fig. 2d; Weijers et al, 2006). From this depth profile in peat bogs it was suggested that the bacteria producing the branched GDGTs are anaerobic microorganisms, possibly involved in organic matter mineralization .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…The fact that branched GDGTs are detected in many different coastal areas suggests that these compounds are ubiquitous in the terrestrial realm. Branched GDGTs on land have, however, only been reported in a few west European peat bogs Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2000a;Pancost and Sinninghe Damsté, 2003;Weijers et al, 2006) and one Dutch soil . In fact, the occurrence of both branched and isoprenoid GDGT membrane lipids in soils has not been investigated in any detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This compound is considered a biomarker for the group 1.1 Crenarchaeota as it has only been found in C. symbiosum (Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2002c) and not in thermophilic or methanogenic Archaea. Another recently discovered group of GDGT membrane lipids, containing branched instead of isoprenoid alkyl chains, is found mainly in peat bogs Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2000a;Pancost and Sinninghe Damsté, 2003;Weijers et al, 2006), but also in coastal marine sediments and lake sediments (Powers et al, 2004). Because of the branched alkyl chains and the bacterial 1,2-di-Oalkyl-sn-glycerol stereochemical configuration at C-2 in the glycerol backbone, those tetraethers are most likely of bacterial rather than archaeal origin .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index

Weijers

Schouten

Spaargaren

et al. 2006

Organic Geochemistry

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A diverse collection of globally distributed soil samples was analyzed for its glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipid content. Branched GDGTs, derived from anaerobic soil bacteria, were the most dominant and were found in all soils. Isoprenoid GDGTs, membrane lipids of Archaea, were also present, although in considerably lower concentration. Crenarchaeol, a specific isoprenoid membrane lipid of the non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota, was also regularly detected and its abundance might be related to soil pH. The detection of crenarchaeol in nearly all of the samples is the first report of this type of GDGT membrane lipid in soils and is in agreement with molecular ecological studies, confirming the widespread occurrence of non-thermophilic Crenarchaeota in the terrestrial realm. The fluvial transport of crenarchaeol and other isoprenoid GDGTs to marine and lacustrine environments could possibly bias the BIT index, a ratio between branched GDGTs and crenarchaeol used to determine relative terrestrial organic matter (TOM) input. However, as crenarchaeol in soils is only present in low concentration compared to branched GDGTs, no large effect is expected for the BIT index. The fluvial input of terrestrially derived isoprenoid GDGTs could also bias the TEX 86 , a proxy used to determine palaeo surface temperatures in marine and lacustrine settings and based on the ratio of cyclopentane-containing isoprenoid GDGTs in marine and lacustrine Crenarchaeota. Indeed, it is shown that a substantial bias in TEX 86 -reconstructed sea and lake surface temperatures can occur if TOM input is high, e.g. near large river outflows.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index

Weijers

Schouten

Spaargaren

et al. 2006

Organic Geochemistry

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545

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“…The GDGT composition of soils is, however, dominated by another type of GDGT (i.e., branched GDGTs) produced by anaerobic bacteria (Weijers et al, 2006b). A possible allochthonous contribution of isoprenoid GDGTs can be readily estimated while carrying out TEX 86 measurements by using the newly introduced proxy, the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index, which is based on the relative abundance of crenarchaeol (V; Fig.…”

Section: Effect Of Terrestrial Input On Tex 86mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the TEX86 temperature proxy to the southern North Sea

Herfort

Schouten

Boon

et al. 2006

Organic Geochemistry

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A novel temperature proxy, the tetraether index of lipids with 86 carbon atoms (TEX 86 ), was applied to the suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment core tops from eight sites in the southern North Sea in different seasons. The TEX 86 -derived temperatures in many samples did not correlate with mean annual sea surface temperature (SST), but were shifted toward winter SST, apparently because Crenarchaeota are more abundant and metabolically active during periods of low primary production. This indicates that TEX 86 -derived SST estimates do not necessarily reflect annual mean SST and may provide essential information about seasonal SST palaeoreconstruction. High TEX 86 -derived SSTs were measured in the water of the river Rhine and in the sediment core tops and seawater from several stations in the southern North Sea. These sites were all characterised by important input of organic matter from soil and peat, as revealed by the relatively high values obtained with the new terrestrial proxy, the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index. These data demonstrate that to reconstruct palaeotemperatures it is essential to estimate both TEX 86 and BIT indices to check that TEX 86 temperatures are not biased as a result of large terrestrial input. Important seasonal variations in TEX 86 -derived SST were also evident for the surface sediments of several stations characterised by extremely low sedimentation rates, indicating temporary settlement of laterally transported organic matter with a warmer temperature signal. This implies that sediment core top correlations between TEX 86 and mean annual SST should not be carried out in areas characterised by transient sediment deposition.

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“…1; Sinninghe . Based on aspects of their structures and stereochemistry, branched GDGTs were suggested to be produced by as yet unknown bacteria in soils (Weijers et al, 2006). These might belong to the phylum Acidobacteria Sinninghe Damsté et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a short-term experimental microclimate warming on the abundance and distribution of branched GDGTs in a French peatland

Huguet¹,

Fosse

Laggoun‐Défarge

et al. 2013

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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To cite this version:Arnaud Huguet, Céline Fosse, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, Frédéric Delarue, Sylvie Derenne. Effects of a short-term experimental microclimate warming on the abundance and distribution of branched GDGTs in a French peatland. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Elsevier, 2013Elsevier, , 105, pp.294-315. 10.1016Elsevier, /j.gca.2012 Effects of a short-term experimental microclimate warming on the abundance and distribution of branched GDGTs in a French peatland AbstractBranched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are complex lipids of high molecular weight, recently discovered in soils and increasingly used as palaeoclimate proxies. Their degree of methylation, expressed in the MBT, was shown to depend on mean annual air temperature (MAAT) and to a lesser extent on soil pH, whereas the relative abundance of cyclopentyl rings of branched GDGTs, expressed in the CBT, was related to soil pH. To date, only a few studies were interested in the application of the MBT and CBT proxies in peatlands. In order to validate the applicability of branched GDGTs as temperature proxies in these environments, it is essential to investigate the effect of temperature on branched GDGT-producing bacteria and especially on the speed of adaptation of these microorganisms to temperature changes. The aim of this work was to study the effects of in situ experimental climate warming on the abundance and distribution of branched GDGTs in a Sphagnum-dominated peatland (Jura Mountains, France). Branched GDGTs either present as core lipids (CLs; presumed of fossil origin) or derived from intact polar lipids (IPLs, markers for living cells) were analysed. Air temperature was experimentally increased using a passive warming system consisting of open mini-greenhouses (open-top chamber -OTC). The effect of the OTCs was especially apparent in spring and summer, with (i) an increase in maximal air temperature of ca. 3°C during these two seasons and (ii) an increase in average air temperature of ca. 1°C in summer. Despite the short duration of the climate experiment (26 months), branched GDGT distribution was significantly affected by this temperature rise, with higher MBT values in the OTCs than in the control plots, supporting the empirical relationship between MBT and MAAT established from a large range of soils. The difference in branched GDGT-derived temperatures between control and OTC plots (2-3°C) was in the same range as the increase in maximal (daytime) temperature induced by the OTCs in spring and summer, suggesting that branched GDGT-producing bacteria might be more active during the warmest months of the year. The OTC treatment had no significant effect on the abundance of branched GDGTs, which were mainly present as "fossil" CLs (70-85% of the total branched GDGT pool). Furthermore, no significant differences in branched GDGT distribution were observed between the CLs and IPLs, which both provided higher MBT and MAAT values for the OTCs. This suggests that the fossil pool of branched GDGTs has a very fast turnove...

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Membrane lipids of mesophilic anaerobic bacteria thriving in peats have typical archaeal traits

Cited by 447 publications

References 44 publications

Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index

Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX86 proxy and the BIT index

Application of the TEX86 temperature proxy to the southern North Sea

Effects of a short-term experimental microclimate warming on the abundance and distribution of branched GDGTs in a French peatland

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