Membrane Heterogeneity in the Mammalian Spermatozoon

Holt, William V.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)62442-0

Cited by 97 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…The mammalian spermatozoon is an example of a polarised cell with a highly compartmentalised plasma membrane (Holt, 1984; Cardullo and Wolfe, 1990). During differentiation in the …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not altogether clear at present how the temporary confinement model accommodates lipid rafts, which are envisaged as dynamic structures varying in size from a few molecules to ~50 nm in diameter and are rich in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids and GPI-anchored proteins (Edidin, 2003). At all levels of scale, it seems that membrane compartments are influenced by the cytoskeleton, thereby affording a means of transducing signals from the cytoplasm to the cell surface and vice versa.The mammalian spermatozoon is an example of a polarised cell with a highly compartmentalised plasma membrane (Holt, 1984; Cardullo and Wolfe, 1990). During differentiation in the …”

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confidence: 99%

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Compartmentalisation of the sperm plasma membrane: a FRAP, FLIP and SPFI analysis of putative diffusion barriers on the sperm head

James

Hennessy

Berge

et al. 2004

Journal of Cell Science

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IntroductionThe lateral distribution of lipids and proteins in cell membranes is known to be highly asymmetric (Edidin, 1993;Jacobson et al., 1995;Vereb et al., 2003). Elucidating how these heterogeneities are generated and maintained over relatively large distances against the randomising forces of diffusion is central to understanding many of the processes involved in cell differentiation and establishment of polarity.Uncontrolled mixing of membrane components is thought to be prevented by several complementary processes, the best known of which are interaction with the cytoskeleton, spontaneous self-association, selective internalisation and confinement behind diffusion barriers (Gumbiner and Louvard, 1985). Diffusion barriers have long been implicated in the asymmetric distribution of surface antigens, such as between the cell body and axon in neurons (Kobayashi et al., 1992), the inner and outer segments of retinal rod cells (Peters et al., 1983) and the apical and basolateral membranes in epithelial cells (Rodriguez-Boulan and Nelson, 1989), and are thought to be largely responsible for creating micrometer-sized macrodomains. Frequently, they have a physical basis in the form of electron-dense structures within the membrane, e.g. zona occludens between epithelial cells (Dragsten et al., 1981).However, confinement zones also exist at the nanometer scale. These were first suggested by low recovery rates during fluorescence photobleaching (FRAP) experiments and later demonstrated directly using laser tweezers to drag 40 nm gold particles across the cell surface (Edidin, 2003;Vereb et al., 2003). Recent work by Kusumi and co-workers (Fujiwara et al., 2002;Murase et al., 2004) using single particle tracking at very high video speeds have refined this idea into the 'picket and fence model', in which proteins and lipids are confined temporarily within 200-300 nm diameter compartments and effect long-range diffusion by 'jumping' between compartments. It is not altogether clear at present how the temporary confinement model accommodates lipid rafts, which are envisaged as dynamic structures varying in size from a few molecules to ~50 nm in diameter and are rich in cholesterol, glycosphingolipids and GPI-anchored proteins (Edidin, 2003). At all levels of scale, it seems that membrane compartments are influenced by the cytoskeleton, thereby affording a means of transducing signals from the cytoplasm to the cell surface and vice versa.The mammalian spermatozoon is an example of a polarised cell with a highly compartmentalised plasma membrane (Holt, 1984; Cardullo and Wolfe, 1990). During differentiation in the

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“…The mammalian spermatozoon is an example of a polarised cell with a highly compartmentalised plasma membrane (Holt, 1984; Cardullo and Wolfe, 1990). During differentiation in the …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmentalisation of the sperm plasma membrane: a FRAP, FLIP and SPFI analysis of putative diffusion barriers on the sperm head

James

Hennessy

Berge

et al. 2004

Journal of Cell Science

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“…A membrana plasmática é formada basicamente por uma bicamada lipídica com proteínas integrais e periféricas (endo e ectoproteínas), glicoproteínas de superfície e glicolipídios organizados em um mosaico fluído (SINGER; NICHOLSON, 1972;ROBERTSON, 1981;EDDY;O'BRIEN, 1994), cujos componentes são segregados dentro de regiões específicas e domínios (HOLT, 1984;ÕURA;TOSHIMORI, 1990;EDDY;O'BRIEN, 1994). Na célula espermática madura pode-se identificar três regiões altamente especializadas da membrana plasmática: a cabeça do espermatozóide, envolvida na interação espermatozóide-oócito; a peça intermediária, que contém mitocôndrias envolvidas na produção de energia; e o flagelo, envolvido na motilidade (FLESCH;GADELLA, 2000).…”

Section: Membrana Plasmáticaunclassified

“…Esses domínios apresentam características dinâmicas que passam por mudanças na organização e composição durante a vida da célula (HOLT, 1984;ÕURA;TOSHIMORI, 1990;EDDY;O'BRIEN, 1994).…”

Section: Membrana Plasmáticaunclassified

“…A difusão de lipídios na membrana plasmática de espermatozóides vivos varia significativamente entre os domínios de superfície, por causa da heterogeneidade da composição ou diferença na disposição da bicamada, ou ainda devido a presença de barreiras intra-membranosas que impede a troca livre entre os domínios (HOLT, 1984;WOLFE et al, 1998). Tal afirmação enfatiza a importante função dos lipídios de membrana em regular a migração polarizada de antígenos da superfície espermática durante o processo de desenvolvimento tais como maturação e capacitação (WOLFE et al, 1998 As membranas biológicas apresentam um arranjo assimétrico dos fosfolipídios dentro da bicamada, o que garante sua estabilidade e função para cada demanda celular, assim, cada tipo de fosfolipídio tem uma orientação preferencial específica.…”

Section: Membrana Plasmáticaunclassified

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Efeitos da criopreservação do sêmen bovino sobre as membranas plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial e estrutura da cromatina dos espermatozóides utilizando sondas fluorescentes

Celeghini¹

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Sperm maturation in rhesus monkey: Changes in ultrastructure, chromatin condensation, and organization of lipid bilayer

Sivashanmugam

Rajalakshmi

1997

Anat. Rec.

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Background The changes in ultrastructure, lipid organization, chromatin decondensation, and denaturation of rhesus monkey spermatozoa during epididymal maturation were studied. This study would provide background information that would be useful to evaluate adverse effects, if any, caused by the use of contraceptive agents. Methods Adult sexually mature rhesus monkeys were castrated under ketamine anesthesia. The epididymis was divided into initial segment, caput, corpus, and cauda epididymides. To study changes in lipid organization of the sperm plasma membrane during epididymal transit, spermatozoa from different epididymal segments and ejaculated spermatozoa were exposed to merocyanine 540 (MC 540). The changes in chromatin denaturation and decondensation were assessed by using the nucleic acid‐specific fluorochromes, acridine orange, and ethidium bromide, respectively, prior to and after exposure to dithiothreitol (DTT). Results Testicular spermatozoa (∼40%) showed localization of MC 540 mainly in the midpiece, whereas remaining sperm did not localize MC 540. Spermatozoa from the initial segment of the epididymis showed uniform distribution of MC 540 localization in the head and midpiece. A pattern of localization of MC 540 similar to mature caudal and ejaculated sperm in which the staining was restricted to the acrosome and the midpiece first appeared in a small percentage of caput spermatozoa and was completed during transit through the corpus epididymidis. Mature spermatozoa from cauda epididymidis, vas deferens, and ejaculate did not undergo chromatin denaturation even after exposure to 10 mM DTT, unlike sperm from testis, initial segment, and caput epididymidis. Spermatozoa exposed to DTT showed chromatin decondensation; maximum decondensation was seen in testicular sperm and a decrease in the percentage of sperm, showing decondensation, occurred during epididymal transit. Ultrastructural studies showed that spermatozoa undergo structural changes during sperm maturation. Conclusions The present study shows that rhesus monkey spermatozoa undergo reorganization of the plasma membrane lipids and stabilization of disulfide linkages during epididymal transit. The results would be of use in evaluating the action of potential male contraceptive drugs on epididymal spermatozoa. Anat. Rec. 247:25–32 © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Membrane Heterogeneity in the Mammalian Spermatozoon

Cited by 97 publications

References 165 publications

Compartmentalisation of the sperm plasma membrane: a FRAP, FLIP and SPFI analysis of putative diffusion barriers on the sperm head

Compartmentalisation of the sperm plasma membrane: a FRAP, FLIP and SPFI analysis of putative diffusion barriers on the sperm head

Efeitos da criopreservação do sêmen bovino sobre as membranas plasmática, acrossomal e mitocondrial e estrutura da cromatina dos espermatozóides utilizando sondas fluorescentes

Sperm maturation in rhesus monkey: Changes in ultrastructure, chromatin condensation, and organization of lipid bilayer

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