“…Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) has been studied to treat wastewater and has several advantages including complete rejection of suspended solids, low sludge production, high organic rejection and biogas production (Stuckey, 2012). Moreover, both AnMBR and post-treatment (e.g., RO and NF) exhibit high fouling issues which ultimately increase energy requirements since these processes are driven by the hydraulic pressure as a driving force (Kim et al, 2014). To overcome these issues, osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) has been proposed by integrating AnMBR with forward osmosis (FO) instead of conventional pressurized membrane processes (Achilli et al, 2009;Chekli et al, 2016;Wang et al).…”
In this study, a protocol for selecting suitable fertilizer draw solute for anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (AnFDFOMBR) was proposed. Among eleven commercial fertilizer candidates, six fertilizers were screened further for their FO performance tests and evaluated in terms of water flux and reverse salt flux. Using selected fertilizers, bio-methane potential experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fertilizers on anaerobic activity due to reverse diffusion. Mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) showed the highest biogas production while other fertilizers exhibited an inhibition effect on anaerobic activity with solute accumulation. Salt accumulation in the bioreactor was also simulated using mass balance simulation models. Results showed that ammonium sulfate and MAP were the most appropriate for AnFDFOMBR since they demonstrated less salt accumulation, relatively higher water flux, and higher dilution capacity of draw solution. Given toxicity of sulfate to anaerobic microorganisms, MAP appears to be the most suitable draw solution for AnFDFOMBR.
“…Anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) has been studied to treat wastewater and has several advantages including complete rejection of suspended solids, low sludge production, high organic rejection and biogas production (Stuckey, 2012). Moreover, both AnMBR and post-treatment (e.g., RO and NF) exhibit high fouling issues which ultimately increase energy requirements since these processes are driven by the hydraulic pressure as a driving force (Kim et al, 2014). To overcome these issues, osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) has been proposed by integrating AnMBR with forward osmosis (FO) instead of conventional pressurized membrane processes (Achilli et al, 2009;Chekli et al, 2016;Wang et al).…”
In this study, a protocol for selecting suitable fertilizer draw solute for anaerobic fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis membrane bioreactor (AnFDFOMBR) was proposed. Among eleven commercial fertilizer candidates, six fertilizers were screened further for their FO performance tests and evaluated in terms of water flux and reverse salt flux. Using selected fertilizers, bio-methane potential experiments were conducted to examine the effect of fertilizers on anaerobic activity due to reverse diffusion. Mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP) showed the highest biogas production while other fertilizers exhibited an inhibition effect on anaerobic activity with solute accumulation. Salt accumulation in the bioreactor was also simulated using mass balance simulation models. Results showed that ammonium sulfate and MAP were the most appropriate for AnFDFOMBR since they demonstrated less salt accumulation, relatively higher water flux, and higher dilution capacity of draw solution. Given toxicity of sulfate to anaerobic microorganisms, MAP appears to be the most suitable draw solution for AnFDFOMBR.
“…Possible development pathways include the use of physical media for scouring of the membrane surface 34,35,49 or membrane vibration. 18,50,51 Including GAC in an AnMBR has many benefits (e.g., decreased membrane fouling, 35,52,53 higher fluxes, 52 and removal of trace contaminants), 35 but its use needs to be further evaluated through longterm experimental studies to better quantify trade-offs between an increased flux and a potential decrease in membrane life (increasing maintenance costs). To the degree possible, research efforts should focus on physical medium selection and membrane geometry to achieve membrane cleaning without damage, and simultaneously target cheaper, smaller, and lower density particles 49 to reduce upflow velocity requirements for bed expansion (e.g., reduce upflow velocity to <7.5 m·hr −1 while keeping HRT below 1.6 hrs).…”
“…For the pervaporation technique, the fouling is the most challenging problem hindering the wide application of this method. However, some innovative solutions as rotary membrane module and preparation of new antifouling membranes and reduction of membrane fouling by injection of the air jet are under development to overcome these issues [90,91]. The integration of fully unconventional techniques in bioethanol as an alternative to distillation seems too far but hybrid systems combining distillation with unconventional techniques have currently received more attention.…”
This study aims at reviewing the alternative techniques for bioethanol recovery, highlighting its advantages and disadvantages, and to investigate the technical challenges facing these alternatives to be widely used. The findings showed that the integration of these techniques with the fermentation process did not meet a large acceptance in the industrial sector. The majority of conducted studies were mainly focusing on ethanol recovery from aqueous standard solution rather than the investigation of these techniques performance in fermentation-separation coupled system. In this context, pervaporation has received more attention as a promising alternative to distillation. However, some challenges are facing the integration of these techniques in the industrial scale as the fouling problem in pervaporation, the toxicity of solvent in liquid extraction, energy consumption in vacuum fermentation. It was also found that there is a lack of the technical economic analysis for these techniques which may limit the spread of its application in the large scale. Currently, hybrid systems integrating distillation with other alternative techniques are considered as an innovative solution to reduce the high cost of the distillation process and the low separation efficiency of the alternatives techniques.
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