Membrane folding to achieve three-dimensional nanostructures: Nanopatterned silicon nitride folded with stressed chromium hinges

Arora, William J.; Nichol, Anthony J.; Smith, Henry I.; Barbastathis, George

doi:10.1063/1.2168516

Cited by 94 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We fabricated a stressed Cr thin film by thermal evaporation (15)(16)(17)(18) and subsequently evaporated a minimally stressed Cu film to form the bilayer. The flexing of the bimetallic joints (to close the gripper) was driven by the release of residual tensile stress within the Cr thin film, and similar bending behavior of stressed thin films has been previously observed (8,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). We found both experimentally and theoretically (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 65%

Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers

Leong¹,

Randall

Benson³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

321

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We demonstrate mass-producible, tetherless microgrippers that can be remotely triggered by temperature and chemicals under biologically relevant conditions. The microgrippers use a selfcontained actuation response, obviating the need for external tethers in operation. The grippers can be actuated en masse, even while spatially separated. We used the microgrippers to perform diverse functions, such as picking up a bead on a substrate and the removal of cells from tissue embedded at the end of a capillary (an in vitro biopsy).actuator ͉ biochemical ͉ robotics ͉ thin films B iological function in nature is often achieved by autonomous organisms and cellular components triggered en masse by relatively benign cues, such as small temperature changes and biochemicals. These cues activate a particular response, even among large populations of spatially separated biological components. Chemically triggered activity is also often highly specific and selective in biological machinery. Additionally, mobility of autonomous biological entities, such as pathogens and cells, enables easy passage through narrow conduits and interstitial spaces.As a step toward the construction of autonomous microtools, we describe mass-producible, mobile, thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers. The microgrippers can be remotely actuated when exposed to temperatures Ͼ40°C or selected chemicals. The temperature trigger is in the range experienced by the human body at the onset of a moderate-to-high fever, and the chemical triggers include biologically benign reagents, such as cell media. Using these microgrippers, we achieved a diverse set of functions, such as picking up beads off substrates and removing cells from tissue samples.Conventional microgrippers are usually tethered and actuated by mechanical or electrical signals (1-6). Recently developed actuation mechanisms using pneumatic (7), thermal (8), and electrochemical triggers (9, 10) have also used tethered operation. Because the functional response of currently available microgrippers is usually controlled through external wires or tubes, direct connections need to be made between the gripper and the control unit. These connections restrict device miniaturization and maneuverability. For example, a simple task such as the retrieval of an object from a tube is challenging at the millimeter and submillimeter scale, because tethered microgrippers must be threaded through the tube. Moreover, many of the schemes used to drive actuation in microscale tools use biologically incompatible cues, such as high temperature or nonaqueous media, which limit their utility. There are novel, untethered tools based on shape memory alloys that use low temperature heating, but they have limited mobility and must rely solely on thermal actuation (11,12). The ability of our gripper design to use biochemical actuation, in addition to thermal actuation, represents a paradigm shift in engineering and suggests a strategy for designing mobile microtools that function in a variety of environments with high specif...

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supporting

confidence: 65%

Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers

Leong¹,

Randall

Benson³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

377

321

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent technological developments, such as nanostructured origami [1] and strain engineering of nanomembranes [30], have demonstrated the possibility of producing extremely thin membrane structures that can be folded in a controlled fashion. These structures have great potential as components of electromechanical devices such as force probes, capacitors, resonators, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24, for (m, n) = (2, 5) and (3, 5), complement the set of D 5 -symmetric solutions made of 10 pieces (the (m, n) = (4, 5) and (1,5) solutions are shown in Figs. 22 and 23, respectively).…”

Section: Higher-order One-and Two-sided Developable Stripsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He didn't derive the Euler-Lagrange equilibrium equations for this reduced variational problem. It was 1 Manufacturing an accurate model of an elastic Möbius strip is not entirely straightforward. If we glue the ends together with a small region of overlap then the resulting model will have non-uniform thickness, which affects the bending stiffness locally and hence the equilibrium shape in space.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. 1 In the idealised case when we can neglect the material's stretching, the shape may be found as that minimising the elastic energy associated with bending. A strip that deforms without stretching has constant Gaussian curvature under deformation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equilibrium Shapes with Stress Localisation for Inextensible Elastic Möbius and Other Strips

Starostin

Heijden

2014

J Elast

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We formulate the problem of finding equilibrium shapes of a thin inextensible elastic strip, developing further our previous work on the Möbius strip. By using the isometric nature of the deformation we reduce the variational problem to a second-order onedimensional problem posed on the centreline of the strip. We derive Euler-Lagrange equations for this problem in Euler-Poincaré form and formulate boundary-value problems for closed symmetric one-and two-sided strips. Numerical solutions for the Möbius strip show a singular point of stress localisation on the edge of the strip, a generic response of inextensible elastic sheets under torsional strain. By cutting and pasting operations on the Möbius strip solution, followed by parameter continuation, we construct equilibrium solutions for strips with different linking numbers and with multiple points of stress localisation. Solutions reveal how strips fold into planar or self-contacting shapes as the length-to-width ratio of the strip is decreased. Our results may be relevant for curvature effects on physical properties of extremely thin two-dimensional structures as for instance produced in nanostructured origami.

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Controlled Mechanical Buckling for Origami‐Inspired Construction of 3D Microstructures in Advanced Materials

Yan

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2016

Adv Funct Materials

236

228

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Origami is a topic of rapidly growing interest in both the scientific and engineering research communities due to its promising potential in a broad range of applications. Previous assembly approaches of origami structures at the micro/nanoscale are constrained by the applicable classes of materials, topologies and/or capability of control over the transformation. Here, we introduce an approach that exploits controlled mechanical buckling for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures across material classes from soft polymers to brittle inorganic semiconductors, and length scales from nanometers to centimeters. This approach relies on a spatial variation of thickness in the initial 2D structures as an effective strategy to produce engineered folding creases during the compressive buckling process. The elastic nature of the assembly scheme enables active, deterministic control over intermediate states in the 2D to 3D transformation in a continuous and reversible manner. Demonstrations include a broad set of 3D structures formed through unidirectional, bidirectional, and even hierarchical folding, with examples ranging from half cylindrical columns and fish scales, to cubic boxes, pyramids, starfish, paper fans, skew tooth structures, and to amusing system-level examples of soccer balls, model houses, cars, and multi-floor textured buildings.

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Membrane folding to achieve three-dimensional nanostructures: Nanopatterned silicon nitride folded with stressed chromium hinges

Cited by 94 publications

References 10 publications

Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers

Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers

Equilibrium Shapes with Stress Localisation for Inextensible Elastic Möbius and Other Strips

Controlled Mechanical Buckling for Origami‐Inspired Construction of 3D Microstructures in Advanced Materials

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