Membrane Characterization

Bernstein, Roy; Kaufman, Yair; Freger, Viatcheslav

doi:10.1002/9781118522318.emst063

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…FESEM with a resolution of 0.6-0.7 nm or TEM with a resolution of 0.4-0.5 nm are more powerful tools to study the pore size of the micro-mesoporous materials. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has higher vertical resolution, which makes it a good technique to study the surface roughness [165,166].…”

Section: Characterisation Of Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Applications

2020

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Better and more efficient membranes are needed to face imminent and future scientific, technological and societal challenges. New materials endowed with enhanced properties are required for the preparation of such membranes. Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) are a new class of crystalline porous materials with large surface area, tuneable pore size, structure, and functionality, making them a perfect candidate for membrane applications. In recent years an enormous number of articles have been published on the use of MOFs and COFs in preparation of membranes for various applications. This review gathers the work reported on the synthesis and preparation of membranes containing MOFs and COFs in the last 10 years. Here we give an overview on membranes and their use in separation technology, discussing the essential factors in their synthesis as well as their limitations. A full detailed summary of the preparation and characterization methods used for MOF and COF membranes is given. Finally, applications of these membranes in gas and liquid separation as well as fuel cells are discussed. This review is aimed at both experts in the field and newcomers, including students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels, who would like to learn about preparation of membranes from crystalline porous materials.

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Section: Characterisation Of Structural Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Applications

2020

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“…below pore size of 2 nm. Porosities can be determined also by scanning or transmission electron microscopy imaging, but due to the resolution and contrast limitations pores with size of less than few nanometers cannot be usually detected 26,27 .…”

Section: Analysis Of Membrane Fouling By Brunauer-emmet-teller Nitrogmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of membrane fouling by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique

Virtanen

Rudolph

Lopatina

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Membrane fouling is the major factor limiting the wider applicability of the membrane-based technologies in water treatment and in separation and purification processes of biorefineries, pulp and paper industry, food industry and other sectors. Endeavors to prevent and minimize fouling requires a deep understanding on the fouling mechanisms and their relative effects. In this study, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique was applied to get an insight into pore-level membrane fouling phenomena occurring in ultrafiltration of wood-based streams. The fouling of commercial polysulfone and polyethersulfone membranes by black liquor, thermomechanical pulping process water and pressurized hot-water extract was investigated with BET analysis, infrared spectroscopy, contact angle analysis and pure water permeability measurements. Particular emphasis was paid to the applicability of BET for membrane fouling characterization. The formation of a fouling layer was detected as an increase in cumulative pore volumes and pore areas in the meso-pores region. Pore blocking was seen as disappearance of meso-pores and micro-pores. The results indicate that the presented approach of using BET analysis combined with IR spectroscopy can provide complementary information revealing both the structure of fouling layer and the chemical nature of foulants.

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“…A good correlation between the diffusion coefficient and the FFV is only observed with structurally related polymers, limiting the application of this model. The distribution and size of voids in thick nonconductive polymer can be determined, for example, using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) [72,73]. As it was already mentioned, this model does not take into account any interactions between the gas molecules and the polymer chains.…”

Section: Solution-diffusion Model In Polymer Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Membranes for Selectivity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors

2016

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We present the characterization of organic polyolefin and thermoplastic membranes for the enhancement of the selectivity of metal oxide (MOX) gas sensors. The experimental study is done based on theoretical considerations of the membrane characteristics. Through a broad screening of dense symmetric homo- and copolymers with different functional groups, the intrinsic properties such as the mobility or the transport of gases through the matrix were examined in detail. A subset of application-relevant gases was chosen for the experimental part of the study: H2, CH4, CO, CO2, NO2, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, and water vapor. The gases have similar kinetic diameters and are therefore difficult to separate but have different functional groups and polarity. The concentration of the gases was based on the international indicative limit values (TWA, STEL). From the results, a simple relationship was to be found to estimate the permeability of various polar and nonpolar gases through gas permeation (GP) membranes. We used a broadband metal oxide gas sensor with a sensitive layer made of tin oxide with palladium catalyst (SnO2:Pd). Our aim was to develop a low-cost symmetrical dense polymer membrane to selectively detect gases with a MOX sensor.

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Membrane Characterization

Cited by 17 publications

References 129 publications

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Applications

Metal and Covalent Organic Frameworks for Membrane Applications

Analysis of membrane fouling by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption/desorption technique

Organic Membranes for Selectivity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Gas Sensors

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