Membrane-boundBacilluscytochromescand their phylogenetic position among bacterial class I cytochromesc

Abstract

Gram-positive bacteria lack a periplasmic compartment and contain only membrane-bound cytochromes c. There are at least two types. One is found in subunit II of cytochrome oxidase, and the other is small cytochrome c which is also membrane-bound because of an unprocessed signal sequence or post-translational acylation at the N-terminal end of the protein. These Bacillus cytochromes c are compared with known class I cytochromes c, and a phylogenetic tree has been constructed by the neighbour-joining method.

Melatonin: A Mitochondrial Targeting Molecule Involving Mitochondrial Protection and Dynamics

“…Cytochrome C is believed to participate in this melatonin metabolic process [115]. This is not surprising since cytochrome C is a conserved molecule and is present in the photosynthetic bacteria [116]. We thus speculate that, in bacteria, cytochrome C functions as an ancient process to metabolize melatonin.…”

A novel membrane-anchored cytochrome c-550 of alkaliphilic Bacillus clarkii K24-1U: expression, molecular features and properties of redox potential

“…pronounced difference of this cytochrome c from the other cytochromes c in the Bacillus small cytochrome c group(Sone and Toh 1994) is the presence of Gly 22 -Asn 34 (cytochrome c-550 numbering)(Fig. 3).…”

“…It has been considered that all cytochromes c in Gram-positive bacteria are membrane-anchored proteins on the outer surface of the membrane, because Gram-positive bacteria have no periplasmic space. Three types of membrane-anchored cytochrome c have been reported to date as follows: those that bind to the membrane via an anchoring domain consisting of a single -helical transmembrane segment, those that bind to the membrane via two covalently bound fatty acid moieties, and those that fuse as an integral domain of subunit II in terminal oxidase (Sone and Toh 1994). For example, Bacillus subtilis possesses two types of membrane-anchored class I cytochrome c: cytochromes c-550 and c-551.…”

“…strain PS3 (cytochrome c-551) (Sone et al 1989;Fujiwara et al 1993), Heliobacterium gestii (cytochrome c-553) (Albert et al 1998) and Bacillus azotoformas (cytochrome c-551) (Suharti et al 2004) are bound to the cellular membrane via a diacylglyceryl-cysteine moiety. The two types of membrane-anchored cytochrome described above are considered to be single-subunit proteins (Sone and Toh 1994;Bengtsson et al 1999). The third type of membrane-anchoring cytochrome c fuses with subunit II of cytochrome c oxidase of the caa 3 (Sone & Yanagita 1982;Quirk et al 1993), cbb 3 (Myllykallio and Liebl 2000;Pitcher and Watmough 2004) or aco 3 (Qureshi et al 1990;Yumoto et al 1993) type.…”

Establishment, characterization, virus susceptibility and transfection of cell lines from cobia, Rachycentron canadum (L.), brain and fin

“…cox 1 gene sequence analysis has been suggested as the core of global bio‐identification systems for animals (Hebert, Cywinska, Ball & deWaard 2003). It has been used to identify species and to study phylogenetic relationships among organisms including bacteria (Song & Toh 1994), parasites (Kane, Bartley, Stothard, Vercruysse, Rollinson & Southgate 2002), crab (Xia 2000), shrimp (Quan, Zhuang, Deng, Dai & Zhang 2004) and fish (Ward et al. 2005).…”