Membrane bioreactor technology for the treatment of greywater from a sports and leisure club

Shared Urban Greywater Recycling Systems: Water Resource Savings and Economic Investment

“…Filters are included to remove the solid particles, such as hair and skin from the raw greywater, before it enters the treatment systems, either MBR or VFCW; MBR consists of a compact unit, which combines activated sludge treatment for the removal of biodegradable pollutants and a membrane for solid/liquid separation [49]. MBR is commonly used in large buildings, such as multi-storey buildings [50][51][52], student accommodation [6], stadiums [50] and communal residential buildings [27]. GW treatment facilities are fed by gravity and pumping is only required for redistribution of treated GW.…”

“…However, the volume flow and, hence, the required membrane area in 3a is still bigger than in 2a. [57] (the price reduces by 50% after three years of system operation); b 13 Pence/KWh (average UK electricity charge from 2012) [58]; c based on CombiBloc (Pump type 40-250) centrifuge pump performance data [50] and assumes 12 hours of pump operation per day; d adopted form Nolde [48] and Freidler and Hadari [49] for MBR and from Dillon [59] and leading UK CW companies; e includes the cost for replacing the pumps every 10 years and filters every five years, plus considering 2% of capital costs per year for general repair costs for other distribution system [60,61]; f in scenarios with MBR (2a and 3a), membrane modules (three MBR modules for Scenarios 2a and five MBR modules for Scenario 3a) were replaced every two years [57]-there is no decisive criterion that triggers end of membrane life [62], and two years (730 days) is not inappropriate based on maintaining at least a 98% threshold from the original manufacturers permeability rating [63]. (N.B.…”

Assessment of Grey Water Disposal and Different Treatment Options for Domiz Camp in Duhok City

“…The MBR technology can be considered as an attractive application for grey water reuse, specifically in urban domestic houses due to high organic loading rate, excellent removal efficiency, stable effluent quality, low sludge production and small footprint (Lazarova et al, 2003). On the other hand, MBR is not the suitable treatment option for the current study because it require high investment and operational cost as well as advanced technical support (Lesjean & Gnirss, 2006;Merz et al, 2007;Paris & Schlapp, 2010;Winward et al, 2008). The strength of grey water in current study can be considered between medium and high therefore it can be treated by the SBR technology to meet the desired reuse standards.…”

“…A number of biological treatments have been used for grey water treatment. For example, SBR (Hernández Leal et al, 2010;Shin et al, 1998), MBR (Lesjean & Gnirss, 2006;Merz et al, 2007), RBC (Eriksson et al, 2007;Friedler et al, 2005;Nolde, 2000), and CWs (Gross et al, 2007;Li et al, 2004). The MBR technology can be considered as an attractive application for grey water reuse, specifically in urban domestic houses due to high organic loading rate, excellent removal efficiency, stable effluent quality, low sludge production and small footprint (Lazarova et al, 2003).…”

Effeciency of Degreasing / Settling Tank Followed by Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment

“…Some technologies such as membrane bioreactors "MBR" or sequencing batch reactors "SBR" have demonstrated the capacity to produce high quality treated effluent (5,6) . Most greywater treatment systems installed are based on degreasing tanks in combination with constructed wetlands (7,8) .…”