Membrane-based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium resources: A review

Li, Xianhui; Mo, Yinghui; Qing, Weihua; Shao, Senlin; Tang, Chuyang Y.; Li, Jianxin

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117317

Cited by 415 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…/Li ? as well [47], but consumes a large amount of chemicals and produces considerable sludge [11]. When extracting lithium from salt lake brines, it is necessary to comprehensively develop and use other mineral resources in the salt lake to reduce the production cost of lithium salt products.…”

Section: Precipitation Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The global lithium reserves were about 17 Mt in 2019. Lithium resources are usually found in brines, seawater, clays, and ores [11][12][13][14]. Previous studies on the geographical distribution of global lithium resources have reported that * 61.8% of verified lithium resources exist in brines, 25% in minerals [5,6], and * 59% in continental brines [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

et al. 2020

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Rapid developments in the electric industry have promoted an increasing demand for lithium resources. Lithium in salt lake brines has emerged as the main source for industrial lithium extraction, owing to its low cost and extensive reserves. The effective separation of Mg 2? and Li ? is critical to achieving high recovery efficiency and purity of the final lithium product. This paper summarizes Mg 2? /Li ? separation materials and methods in the field of lithium recovery from salt lake brines. The review begins with an introduction to the global distribution and demand for lithium resources, followed by a description of the materials used in various separation techniques, including precipitation, adsorption, solvent extraction, nanofiltration membrane, electrodialysis, and electrochemical methods. A comparison, analysis, and outlook of such methods are comprehensively discussed in terms of principles, mechanisms, synthesis/operation, development, and industrial applications. We conclude with a presentation of challenges and insights into the future directions of lithium extraction from salt lake brines. A combination of the advantages of various materials is the most logical step toward developing novel methods for extracting lithium from brines with high separation selectivity, stability, low cost, and environmentally friendly characteristics.

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Section: Precipitation Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

et al. 2020

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“…Among the already available separation methods, membrane techniques allow to obtain a continuous and selective extraction of lithium with a low environmental impact [15]. The separation of lithium from magnesium and sodium was demonstrated using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly selective transport of lithium across a supported liquid membrane

Zante

Boltoeva

Masmoudi

et al. 2020

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

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Lithium extraction is a major concern in view of the increase in battery manufacturing. Separation of lithium from sodium is still challenging due to the similar chemical behavior of the two alkali metals. Sources such as brines or seawater usually contain large amounts of sodium which requires a high selectivity for the lithium extraction process. In this study, we demonstrate the application of a supported liquid membrane (SLM) with very high selectivity for the separation of lithium from sodium. A synergistic system made of heptafluorodimethyloctanedione (HFDOD) and tri-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) was selected based on its extraction efficiency (>99% of lithium extracted) and selectivity for lithium over sodium (separation factor≈400). Several parameters were studied using a SLM made of HFDOD and TOPO (lithium concentration, sodium to lithium ratio, HFDOD: TOPO ratio). It was found that high lithium permeation rates can be obtained even for low lithium concentrations and high 2 sodium concentration. Membrane stability was evaluated and was found to be poor (loss of performances after one cycle of use), due to the leakage of the organic phase and change in HFDOD: TOPO ratio. This SLM system is suitable for the extraction of lithium from brines and seawater.

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“…The electro-membrane processes are modern methods for separation and concentration of various ionic species [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Their application has been primarily for industrial wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, and production of substances for food processing, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For lithium recovery using membrane-based technologies, Li et al [ 12 ] mentioned that these processes are feasible but are constrained by high capital and operating costs. In addition, there was the difficulty that at high concentrations other ions interfere with the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Process for Producing Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide by Membrane Electrodialysis

et al. 2020

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A membrane electrodialysis process was tested for obtaining battery grade lithium hydroxide from lithium brines. Currently, in the conventional procedure, a brine with Li+ 4–6 wt% is fed to a process to form lithium carbonate and further used to produce lithium hydroxide. The disadvantages of this process are its high cost due to several stage requirement and the usage of lime, causing waste generation. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining battery grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate, avoiding production of lithium carbonate. A laboratory cell was constructed to study electrochemical kinetics and determine energetic parameters. The effects of current density, electrode material, electrolyte concentration, temperature and cationic membrane (Nafion 115 and Nafion 117) on cell performance were determined. Tests showed that a current density of 1200 A/m2 and temperatures between 75–85 °C allow reduced specific electricity consumption (SEC) (7.25 kWh/kg LiOH). A high purity product is obtained at temperatures below 75 °C, with a Nafion 117 membrane and low electrolyte concentration. Resulting key electrochemical data would enable a pilot-scale process implementation to obtain lithium compounds.

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Membrane-based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium resources: A review

Cited by 415 publications

References 109 publications

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine

Highly selective transport of lithium across a supported liquid membrane

Analysis of a Process for Producing Battery Grade Lithium Hydroxide by Membrane Electrodialysis

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