Membrane-based microfiltration/electrodialysis hybrid process for the treatment of paper industry wastewater

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

“…microfiltration membranes, appear to have been mainly considered as pre-filtration membranes upstream of membranes having finer pores for wastewater applications (Le-Clech et al 2006). Another usage has been as a means to separate and analyze different size classes of solids within P&P mill wastewaters (Hong et al 2007;Nataraj et al 2007;Leiviska et al 2008Leiviska et al , 2009. Nataraj et al (2007) combined microfiltration with electrodialysis to purify paper industry wastewater.…”

“…Another usage has been as a means to separate and analyze different size classes of solids within P&P mill wastewaters (Hong et al 2007;Nataraj et al 2007;Leiviska et al 2008Leiviska et al , 2009. Nataraj et al (2007) combined microfiltration with electrodialysis to purify paper industry wastewater. Sierka et al (1997) and Ordóñez et al (2011) showed that microfiltration or ultrafiltration steps could serve as useful pretreatments before reverse osmosis membrane separations.…”

Remediation of lignin and its derivatives from pulp and paper industry wastewater by the combination of chemical precipitation and ozonation

“…The pulp and paper industry has been considered as one of the biggest consumers of natural resources (wood, water) and energy (fossil fuels and electricity) and as a significant taxpayer of discharge of pollutants to the environment [1][2][3][4]. The wood pulping and production of the paper products generate a considerable amount of pollutants characterized by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), toxicity, and color when untreated or poorly treated effluents are discharged to receiving water.…”

“…The sources of the contamination of the circuits of water in the production of the paper and cardboard are as follows: the fibrous raw materials, the additives and the feeding water, which provide a lot of pollutants such as resinic acids, wax, as well as lignin and their derivates, organic chlorides, dioxins, benzophenils, etc. It is well known that the process of paper production generates a high grade of contamination on the environment [1][2][3][4]11], so much for the discharge volumes like for its content. This process has limited ability to provide effluents of high-quality conforming to stringent regulations, since large amounts of lignin and ligninderived compounds remain in the wastewater.…”

“…Since described before, in certain cases novel treatment technologies or the combination of different alternative methods for the remediation of contaminated water are necessary [18,19,21,23]. Exist alternatives methods to treat the waste water of paper industry like catalytic process, bio-catalysis, membranes, water treatment with high temperatures and pressures [1][2][3][4]9], but these processes are not very efficient and its operations is very costly. Ozonation [6,14,27,28] and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including photocatalitic oxidation and catalytic ozonation [29][30][31][32][33] are the alternative to degrade lignin and their derivatives in water, but the efficiency of the treatment depends on the real practice of the operation process and the quality of the treated water.…”