Membrane-based hybrid processes for energy-efficient waste-water treatment

Ray, Roderick J.; Kucera-Gienger, Jane; Retzlaff, Sandra E.

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(00)82202-4

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The permeate stream was reported to have a COD of 7,000 to 9,800 mg/L compared to commercial evaporator condensate having approximately 1,500 mg/L COD. Similar to conclusions reached by Kollacks and Rekers [11], Ray et al [7] concluded that the RO permeate would not be suitable for starch washing but could be recycled for steepwater use or other locations in the process.…”

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Small weight constituents and high osmotic pressure resulted in very low flux rates, severe fouling and low permeate quality. The application of RO to the light middlings stream [11] achieved an increase in LSW solids similar to the increase achieved by applying RO directly to the LSW stream [7,12]. This research showed how membrane technology could be used to remove the coupling of steepwater evaporation and fresh water used for starch washing.…”

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Ray et al [7] reported that steepwater had a high waste load, exceeding a chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 200,000 mg/L and preventing direct discharge from a facility. May [6] reported that the wet milling process generated 1,300 to 1,600 L of light steepwater (LSW) per t of corn.…”

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ray et al [7] used RO as a preconcentration step prior to conventional steepwater evaporation. LSW was concentrated from 6 to 12% TS using a polyethersulfone hollow fiber RO membrane operating at 50 °C and 2700 kPa in a single stage feed and bleed configuration.…”

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several approaches to LSW concentration were used by Ray et al [7] to determine the economic feasibility of an RO system: 1) mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) to concentrate LSW to 50% TS, 2) RO filtration prior to MVR, 3) triple effect evaporation, and 4) RO filtration prior to triple effect evaporation. For each scenario, they varied the amount of water removed by the RO system (from 0 to 70% removal) and determined capital, operating and total production costs for concentration of LSW to 50% TS.…”

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Front End to Backpipe: Membrane Technology in the Starch Processing Industry

Rausch

2002

Starch/Stärke

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The starch processing industry is characterized by streams that vary in diversity and complexity and that require extensive processing to achieve high end product quality. Water removal and product separations are two fundamental processing steps that impact product quality and processing economics. Many uses have been found for membrane technology in the starch processing industry; these include pretreatment of fresh water, recovery of solids and wastewater treatment. In many cases, membrane applications have increased quality of products, decreased energy costs and reduced disposal issues relating to waste treatment. Membranes can be used to filter many types of fluids in potato, wheat and corn starch isolation processes with varying degrees of success. Robust membrane materials have been developed with unique processing capabilities suited for the needs of the starch processing industry. Membranes have been used commercially to increase product quality while reducing costs, such as in syrup and sweetener clarification. Membrane technology has shown promise for reducing evaporation costs, improving product recovery and removing solids prior to wastewater treatment. In many applications, the cost of dewatering using membranes was a fraction of the cost of traditional methods. Membranes can be used to recover proteins from dilute process streams, but more work is needed regarding changes in nutrient quality when membranes are used in place of conventional separation technologies such as centrifugation, vacuum belt filtration and evaporation. There is need for detailed discussion of analyses regarding economics of long term operation and maintenance of membranes as part of a processing system.

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Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corn Starch Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Front End to Backpipe: Membrane Technology in the Starch Processing Industry

Rausch

2002

Starch/Stärke

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Membrane Materials and Module Development, Historical Perspective

Kucera¹

2013

Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology

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The recorded history of membrane‐based separations can be traced back to the mid‐eighteenth century, when Abbe Nollet “observed” the phenomenon of osmosis. Over 100 years later, Fick formulated his Law of Diffusion through membranes (which is still today considered fundamental to understanding membrane transport). However, little other substantive development work with membranes was undertaken prior to the early 1900s, and efforts after the turn of the century were focused primarily on microfiltration. It was not until the mid‐twentieth century that membranes and membrane‐based technologies began to flourish. In the 50 + years since then, development of synthetic membranes has resulted in a number of membranes, varieties and applications. Membranes have been prepared from an assortment of organic (polymeric) and inorganic (ceramic) materials, and have been used for such diverse separations as gas from gas; gas from liquid; liquid from liquid; dissolved solids from liquid; and suspended solids from liquids. This article chronicles the development of membrane materials, from early efforts using microfiltration to culture bacteria, through the prolific growth of membranes in the latter half of the twentieth century, to the advent of nanotechnology in polymeric and ceramic membranes. In addition to details about membrane materials, preparation methods, and modularization techniques, the drivers for development are discussed.

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