Membrane architecture with ion-conducting channels through swift heavy ion induced graft copolymerization

Sproll, Véronique; Handl, Michael; Hiesgen, Renate; Friedrich, K. Andreas; Schmidt, Thomas J.; Gubler, Lorenz

doi:10.1039/c7ta07323b

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…[1,2,3,4,5,6]. A key part of the PEMFC is the membrane electrolyte assembly (MEA) [7,8,9,10], which consists of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), catalyst, and two electrodes as main components. The PEM is a selective permeable membrane that separates the gases serving in both half cells while allowing for transfer of protons, which is associated with a variety of requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Prepared by Graft Copolymerization of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid and Acrylic Acid on PVDF and ETFE Activated by Electron Beam Treatment

Zhang

Gohs

et al. 2019

Polymers

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Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEM) for potential applications in fuel cells or vanadium redox flow batteries were synthesized and characterized. ETFE (poly (ethylene-alt-tetrafluoroethylene)) and PVDF (poly (vinylidene fluoride)) serving as base materials were activated by electron beam treatment with doses ranging from 50 to 200 kGy and subsequently grafted via radical copolymerization with the functional monomers 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and acrylic acid in aqueous phase. Since protogenic groups are already contained in the monomers, a subsequent sulfonation step is omitted. The mechanical properties were studied via tensile strength measurements. The electrochemical performance of the PEMs was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and fuel cell tests. The proton conductivities and ion exchange capacities are competitive with Nafion 117, the standard material used today.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Prepared by Graft Copolymerization of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid and Acrylic Acid on PVDF and ETFE Activated by Electron Beam Treatment

Zhang

Gohs

et al. 2019

Polymers

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“…As shown in Figure a,b, the white dots indicated the presence of hydrophilic ion clusters, which were dyed with AgNO 3 , the black areas were connected pores, and the gray areas were polymer matrix. The sulfonated groups were clearly distributed and formed large ion clusters concentrated near or on pore walls after being treated by IPA, which, as discussed preciously, was advantageous for high proton conductivity . The elemental mapping of S as shown in Figure c,d also exhibited a different distribution of sulfonated groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The sulfonated groups were clearly distributed and formed large ion clusters concentrated near or on pore walls after being treated by IPA, which, as discussed preciously, was advantageous for high proton conductivity. 16 The elemental mapping of S as shown in Figure 3c,d also exhibited a different distribution of sulfonated groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The energy density of DMFCs usually depends on the rate of proton migration, and high energy density indicates a preferable cell performance. The proton conductivity of a proton exchange membrane is generally determined by the water uptake and IEC value of the membrane . Favorable proton conductivity is often accompanied by high methanol crossover, so for long-term use, these two factors must be weighed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforced Poly(ether ether ketone)/Nafion Composite Membrane with Highly Improved Proton Conductivity for High Concentration Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Zhang

Yue

Luan

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The composite membranes that combine pore-filling with a matrix having precisely assembled sulfonated groups are designed here for use in the applications of direct methanol fuel cells. A porous crystalline poly(ether ether ketone)/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) blended matrix with continuous pore structures is first fabricated using a phase inversion process. Solvent treatment of the porous matrix is then employed to induce the enrichment of sulfonated groups at the pore surfaces, based on the interaction between the solvent and functional groups in polymer chains. This strategy effectively shortens the proton transport path, accelerating the proton transfer rate. The pores of the matrix are then filled with Nafion ionomers, resulting in a reinforced composite membrane consisting of interconnected hydrophilic domains in a fuel-insulating rigid matrix. A single cell made using the novel composite membrane exhibits a relatively high power density of 91.7 mW/cm2 and an open circuit voltage of 0.67 V at 70 °C using 10 M methanol, significantly higher than a test device made using Nafion 117. This work supplies a simple and highly efficient strategy to address the low proton conductivity that is normally seen in composite membranes made using pore-filling technology.

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“…In contrast, graft polymerization makes it possible to obtain materials with the same composition and no secondary porosity . The backbone film is typically activated by a high‐energy radiation source: gamma rays, electron and heavy‐ion beams. A simplified synthesis procedure that involves the activation of aliphatic films by UV‐radiation has been recently proposed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel anion exchange membrane with low ionic resistance based on chloromethylated/quaternized‐grafted polystyrene for energy efficient electromembrane processes

Голубенко

Bruggen

Yaroslavtsev

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel anion-exchange membrane has been manufactured by chloromethylation and subsequent quaternization of polystyrene within a graft copolymer films based on UV-oxidized polymethylpentene. Particular attention is given to the kinetics of chloromethylation and the influence of the reaction conditions on the properties of the anion-exchange membranes. By means of variation of the polystyrene content and its crosslinking degree we have obtained membranes that have an ion-exchange capacity from 1.1 to 2.9 mmole g −1 , anion transport numbers between 91.0 and 95.5% and specific ionic conductivities (σ 25Cl − Þ ranging from 2 to 25 mS cm −1 . The developed membranes due to their low thickness and high conductivities have a remarkably low surface ionic resistance of around 0.6 Ω cm 2 . It was calculated that the use of the developed materials will increase the efficiency of reverse electrodialysis energy production by 8-10% compared to the state of the art membranes.

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Membrane architecture with ion-conducting channels through swift heavy ion induced graft copolymerization

Abstract: Swift heavy ions create tracks of activated material in a polymer film for subsequent modification to form proton conducting channels.

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Prepared by Graft Copolymerization of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid and Acrylic Acid on PVDF and ETFE Activated by Electron Beam Treatment

Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Prepared by Graft Copolymerization of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid and Acrylic Acid on PVDF and ETFE Activated by Electron Beam Treatment

Reinforced Poly(ether ether ketone)/Nafion Composite Membrane with Highly Improved Proton Conductivity for High Concentration Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Novel anion exchange membrane with low ionic resistance based on chloromethylated/quaternized‐grafted polystyrene for energy efficient electromembrane processes

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