Membrane and firing properties of avian medial vestibular nucleus neurons in vitro

du, Sascha; Lisberger, S. G.

doi:10.1007/bf00192493

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Thus the question arises whether the results of our in vivo studies can be related to previous in vitro characterizations of mouse VN neurons. In vitro studies have shown that VN neurons can be separated into two groups (type A and B) based on the shape of their action potentials and the subsequent after hyperpolarization (du Lac and Lisberger 1995;Johnston et al 1994;Serafin et al 1991). Although most of type A are GABAergic neurons, type B MVN neurons are either GABAergic, glutamatergic or glycinergic (Bagnall et al 2007;Takazawa et al 2004).…”

Section: Bridging the Gap: The Relation Between In Vivo And In Vitro mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Vestibular Nuclei Neurons During Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in the Alert Mouse

Beraneck¹,

Cullen²

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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As a result of the availability of genetic mutant strains and development of noninvasive eye movements recording techniques, the mouse stands as a very interesting model for bridging the gap among behavioral responses, neuronal response dynamics studied in vivo, and cellular mechanisms investigated in vitro. Here we characterized the responses of individual neurons in the mouse vestibular nuclei during vestibular (horizontal whole body rotations) and full field visual stimulation. The majority of neurons (∼2/3) were sensitive to vestibular stimulation but not to eye movements. During the vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR), these neurons discharged in a manner comparable to the “vestibular only” (VO) neurons that have been previously described in primates. The remaining neurons [eye-movement-sensitive (ES) neurons] encoded both head-velocity and eye-position information during the VOR. When vestibular and visual stimulation were applied so that there was sensory conflict, the behavioral gain of the VOR was reduced. In turn, the modulation of sensitivity of VO neurons remained unaffected, whereas that of ES neurons was reduced. ES neurons were also modulated in response to full field visual stimulation that evoked the optokinetic reflex (OKR). Mouse VO neurons, however, unlike their primate counterpart, were not modulated during OKR. Taken together, our results show that the integration of visual and vestibular information in the mouse vestibular nucleus is limited to a subpopulation of neurons which likely supports gaze stabilization for both VOR and OKR.

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Section: Bridging the Gap: The Relation Between In Vivo And In Vitro mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Vestibular Nuclei Neurons During Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in the Alert Mouse

Beraneck¹,

Cullen²

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The soma transforms the synaptic current u i into a firing rate v i , according to some rate-current relationship. According to measurements in MVN slices (20)(21)(22), this relationship is roughly linear above threshold:…”

Section: Linear Network Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For every position of the eyes, the pattern of activity is different, and can persist much longer than the intrinsic persistence time of a single neuron's activity (20)(21)(22). Therefore, the long persistence of network activity appears to be a collective effect that depends on the interactions between the neurons of the memory network.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

How the brain keeps the eyes still

Seung¹

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

470

473

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The brain can hold the eyes still because it stores a memory of eye position. The brain's memory of horizontal eye position appears to be represented by persistent neural activity in a network known as the neural integrator, which is localized in the brainstem and cerebellum. Existing experimental data are reinterpreted as evidence for an ''attractor hypothesis'' that the persistent patterns of activity observed in this network form an attractive line of fixed points in its state space. Line attractor dynamics can be produced in linear or nonlinear neural networks by learning mechanisms that precisely tune positive feedback.The brain moves the eyes with quick saccadic movements. Between saccades, it holds the eyes still, a capability that depends on a ''memory'' of angular position of the eyes. A person who has lost the ability to store this memory can hold his or her eyes still at only a single null position. After saccades to other positions, the eyes drift back toward the null position, in a disorder known as gaze-evoked nystagmus (1). Localization studies suggest that the memory of eye position is stored in a neural network that extends over several areas in the brainstem and cerebellum (2-19).When the eyes are still, the pattern of neural activity in the memory network is constant in time. For every position of the eyes, the pattern of activity is different, and can persist much longer than the intrinsic persistence time of a single neuron's activity (20)(21)(22). Therefore, the long persistence of network activity appears to be a collective effect that depends on the interactions between the neurons of the memory network.Based on existing experimental data, it will be argued that the memory of eye position is stored in a neural network with an approximate line attractor dynamics. If synaptic strengths and other parameters are precisely tuned by learning mechanisms, a linear network (23-26) can exactly realize a line attractor dynamics, and a nonlinear network (27, 28) can achieve a good approximation.

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“…Many neurons fire regular, spontaneous, sodium-dependent action potentials, even in the absence of synaptic input (Llinás and Sugimori, 1980;Williams et al, 1984;Jahnsen, 1986a;Grace and Onn, 1989;Yung et al, 1991;du Lac and Lisberger, 1995;Mouginot and Gähwiler, 1995;Uteshev et al, 1995;Bayliss et al, 1997). Spontaneous firing can be generated in several ways.…”

Section: Abstract: Deep Cerebellar Nuclei; Pacemaking; Action Potentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Currents and Spontaneous Firing in Neurons Isolated from the Cerebellar Nuclei

2000

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Neurons of the cerebellar nuclei fire spontaneous action potentials both in vitro, with synaptic transmission blocked, and in vivo, in resting animals, despite ongoing inhibition from spontaneously active Purkinje neurons. We have studied the intrinsic currents of cerebellar nuclear neurons isolated from the mouse, with an interest in understanding how these currents generate spontaneous activity in the absence of synaptic input as well as how they allow firing to continue during basal levels of inhibition. Current-clamped isolated neurons fired regularly (ϳ20 Hz), with shallow interspike hyperpolarizations (approximately Ϫ60 mV), much like neurons in more intact preparations. The spontaneous firing frequency lay in the middle of the dynamic range of the neurons and could be modulated up or down with small current injections.During step or action potential waveform voltage-clamp commands, the primary current active at interspike potentials was a tetrodotoxin-insensitive (TTX), cesium-insensitive, voltageindependent, cationic flux carried mainly by sodium ions. Although small, this cation current could depolarize neurons above threshold voltages. Voltage-and current-clamp recordings suggested a high level of inactivation of the TTX-sensitive transient sodium currents that supported action potentials. Blocking calcium currents terminated firing by preventing repolarization to normal interspike potentials, suggesting a significant role for K(Ca) currents. Potassium currents that flowed during action potential waveform voltage commands had high activation thresholds and were sensitive to 1 mM TEA. We propose that, after the decay of high-threshold potassium currents, the tonic cation current contributes strongly to the depolarization of neurons above threshold, thus maintaining the cycle of firing.

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Membrane and firing properties of avian medial vestibular nucleus neurons in vitro

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Activity of Vestibular Nuclei Neurons During Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in the Alert Mouse

Activity of Vestibular Nuclei Neurons During Vestibular and Optokinetic Stimulation in the Alert Mouse

How the brain keeps the eyes still

Ionic Currents and Spontaneous Firing in Neurons Isolated from the Cerebellar Nuclei

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