Membrane-active polypeptides from snake venom: Cardiotoxins and haemocytotoxins

Condrea, Eleonora

doi:10.1007/bf01927688

Cited by 163 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Freshly collected human red blood cells are relatively resistant to hemolysis induced by CTXs (Condrea, 1974;. However, aged human red blood cells, in which ATP levels have been depleted, are suitable substrates for hemolysis by a basic PLAz from Naja nlgrfcollfs snake venom (Condrea et al, 1980) with cardlotoxin-like properties (Lee #4 al., 1971;Fletcher et al, 1982).…”

Section: Qýjem3 What Are the Hemolytic Effects Of Ctx Alone And Ctx-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It 1lter became apparent that these seemingly different toxins indeed shared similar mechanisms when compared on the same assay systems. The multitude of different effects possessed by each of these toxins were suggested to be best described by the more general term membraneactive polypeptides (Condrea, 1974). However, the toxins have since been grouped together under the original name, cardiotoxin (CTX).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the toxins have since been grouped together under the original name, cardiotoxin (CTX). CTXs are now regarded as low molecular weight basic polypeptides that, among other effects, depolarize and induce contractures in muscle (Chang, 1979) and hemolyze red blood cells (Condrea, 1974;). There appears to be considerable amino acid sequence homology among the CTXs (Condrea, 1974).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTXs are now regarded as low molecular weight basic polypeptides that, among other effects, depolarize and induce contractures in muscle (Chang, 1979) and hemolyze red blood cells (Condrea, 1974;). There appears to be considerable amino acid sequence homology among the CTXs (Condrea, 1974). Despite considerable research in this area, the specific mechanism(s) of action of the CTXs is(are) unknown (Chang, 1979;Harvey;1985).…”

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Mode of Action of Membrane Perturbing Agents: Snake Venom Cardiotoxins and Phospholipases A

Fletcher¹

1990

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Section: Qýjem3 What Are the Hemolytic Effects Of Ctx Alone And Ctx-mentioning

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Mode of Action of Membrane Perturbing Agents: Snake Venom Cardiotoxins and Phospholipases A

Fletcher¹

1990

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“…The other is cardiotoxin, cytolysin, cytotoxin or membrane-active-polypeptide, which exhibits versatile activities such as membrane depolarization, muscle contracture, cytolysis, etc. [4]. The primary stnacture of the neurotoxin has been determined and chemical modifications of its side chains have been described [2].…”

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The hydrogen ion titration of Taiwan cobra neurotoxin and cardiotoxin

Chen

Pan

Lee

1982

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure and Mol

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The H + titration curves for Taiwan cobra neurotoxin and cardiotoxin were performed over the interval pH 3.0-11.0. The isoelectric point was estimated to be 9.90 for neurotoxin and 10.60 for cardioto~in. In the neurotoxin molecule, one of the seven carboxyi groups, one of the two imidazole groups and none of the four amino groups and six guanidino groups were found to be masked from the titration. In the case of cardiotoxin, all of the three carboxyl groups, ten amino groups and two guanidino groups were f?und to be titratable. Treatment of the titration data with the Linderstrom-Lang equation revealed further ti~at: (1) the pKtn t of each titratable group in both toxins is virtually the same as for the corresponding small model compound; (2) both toxins expand when the pH of the protein solution is removed from their iisoelectric points.

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Enhancement of adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate in human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by snake venoms

Štolc

1984

American J Hematol

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Snake venoms contain compound(s) that enhanced cyclic AMP content in human mononuclear leukocytes maximally after 5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. The effect was time- and dose-dependent. The half-maximal stimulation of cyclic AMP production by black cobra venom was found at 0.45 micrograms of venom/ml and the value of the Hill coefficient was 0.7. The black cobra venom enhanced the cyclic AMP content in the cells at 4, 22, and 37 degrees C. Similar increase in the cyclic AMP content by six snake venoms was found in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The most active venom was from puff adder (Bitis arietans). The data suggest that one of the effects of the snake venoms may be rapid enhancement of cyclic AMP level in the affected cells.

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Membrane-active polypeptides from snake venom: Cardiotoxins and haemocytotoxins

Cited by 163 publications

References 43 publications

Mode of Action of Membrane Perturbing Agents: Snake Venom Cardiotoxins and Phospholipases A

Mode of Action of Membrane Perturbing Agents: Snake Venom Cardiotoxins and Phospholipases A

The hydrogen ion titration of Taiwan cobra neurotoxin and cardiotoxin

Enhancement of adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate in human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by snake venoms

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