Melting Relations of Basalt with Equilibrium Water Pressure Less Than Total Pressure

Holloway, John; Burnham, Charles W.

doi:10.1093/petrology/13.1.1

Cited by 431 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The common occurrence of olivine and clinvpyroxene co-magmatic xenoliths within the basalts (e.g., Tarawera) is consistent with the model of Green (1970), Holloway & Burnham (1972, and others, that the basalts may be produced by subtraction of olivine and clinopyroxene from a low-alumina tholeiite. The trace element composition, in particular ItEE, can readily be explained by such a mechanism (Lopez-Escober et al 1977) .…”

Section: Basaltic Eruptivessupporting

confidence: 81%

Structure, petrology, and genesis of Cenozoic volcanism, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand—a review

Cole

1979

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

142

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Section: Basaltic Eruptivessupporting

confidence: 81%

Structure, petrology, and genesis of Cenozoic volcanism, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand—a review

Cole

1979

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

142

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“…Previous studies have shown that the phase assemblages and compositions in hydrous systems, especially liquidus temperatures and appearance of amphibole, are highly dependent on water content [Holloway and Burnham, 1972, Anderson, 1980, f O 2 [Helz, 1973[Helz, , 1976, and alkali content [Cawthorn and Ohara, 1976]. These studies agree that near liquidus crystallization of amphibole together with Ca-rich pyroxene (cpx) and olivine at 500-800 MPa can produce calc-alkaline liquids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors

Krawczynski¹

2011

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Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this thesis, and the topics of melt generation, transport, and crystallization are discussed in three distinct geologic environments: the Moon's mantle, the Greenland ice sheet, and the Earth's crust. Experiments have been conducted to determine the conditions of origin for two high-titanium magmas from the Moon. The lunar experiments (Chapter 2) were designed to explore the effects of variable oxygen fugacity (f O 2 ) on the high pressure and high temperature crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene in high-Ti magmas. The results of these experiments showed that the source regions for the high-Ti lunar magmas are distributed both laterally and vertically within the lunar mantle, and that it is critical to estimate the pre-eruptive oxygen fugacity in order to determine true depth of origin for these magmas within the lunar mantle. Chapter 3 models the behavior of water flow through the Greenland ice sheet driven by hydrofracture of water through ice. The results show that melt water in the ablation zone of Greenland has almost immediate access to the base of the ice sheet in areas with up two kilometers of ice. Chapter 4 is an experimental study of two hydrous high-silica mantle melts from the Mt. Shasta, CA region. Crystallization is simulated at H 2 O saturated conditions at all crustal depths, and a new geobarometerhygrometer based on amphibole magnesium number is calibrated. In Chapter 5 I use the new barometer to study a suite of mafic enclaves from the Mt. Shasta region, and apply it to amphiboles in these enclaves. Evidence for pre-eruptive H 2 O contents of up to 14 wt% is presented, and bulk chemical analyses of the inclusions are used to show that extensive magma mixing has occurred at all crustal depths up to 35 km beneath Mt. Shasta. Tim Grove. I can never repay all the knowledge, time, trust, friendship, and guidance that you have freely given to me. You are more than an advisor; you made me feel like family. Your endless energy and passion for petrology has rubbed off on me, and has reinforced my desire to pursue the origins of igneous rocks. The time we spent in the field is the most fun I have ever had, and has taught me that geology necessarily happens in the field as well as the lab. Those experiences will shape the future of my geologic career. In the lab you trusted me to make my own scientific decisions, and then patiently helped me fix all the equipment I broke and set me straight on some of the wacky decisions I made! You read all of the early drafts of this thesis, practiced all my talks over and over with me, and at times I know it was painful, but you shaped me into a scientist. I am truly honored that my thesis will always sit right above your desk, with all of your great students. I hope that someday I will live up to your expectations of me and I promise to pass on the dedication and care to my own students that you have showed me. In the future, stop by for a visit in my thermodynamics/petrology/...

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“…Experimental studies indicate that watersaturated tholeiite compositions melt at approximately 640°C at P = 10 kbar (Hill & Boettcher, 1970;Holloway & Burnham, 1972). Glasses produced in melting the tholeiitic compositions at near-solidus temperatures are quartzo-feldspathic in composition (Helz, 1976;Dixon & Rutherford, 1979;Spulber & Rutherford, 1983).…”

Section: P-t Conditions Melting Reactions and Solidus Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If H20-rich fluids were added to dry eclogites of tholeiitic composition at P = 10 kbar and T = 750"C, the rocks should melt even at 0~~0 < 1 (Holloway & Burnham, 1972). If, however, some process had previously lowered the alkali-element contents of the garnet + clinopyroxene k hornblende assemblages, the resultant compositions might be too refractory to melt.…”

Section: P-t Conditions Melting Reactions and Solidus Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrology of amphibolite‐facies mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Catalina Schist, southern California: metasomatism and migmatization in a subduction zone metamorphic setting

Sorensen

1988

Journal Metamorphic Geology

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Abstract. The Catalina Schist of southern Cali-INTRODUCTION fornia is a subduction zone metamorphic terrane. It consists of three tectonic units of amphibolite-, high-P greenschist-and blueschist-facies rocks that are structurally juxtaposed across faults, forming an apparent inverted metamorphic gradient.Migmatitic and non-migmatitic metabasite blocks surrounded by a meta-ultramafic matrix comprise the upper part of the Catalina amphibolite unit. Fluid-rock interaction at high-P, high-T conditions caused partial melting of migmatitic blocks, metasomatic exchange between metabasite blocks and ultramafic rocks, infiltration of silica into ultramafic rocks, and loss of an albitic component from nonmigmatitic, clinopyroxene-bearing metabasite blocks.Partial melting took place at an estimated P = -8-11 kbar and T = -640-750°C at high H 2 0 activity. The melting reaction probably involved plagioclase + quartz. Trondhjemitic melts were produced and are preserved as leucocratic regions in migmatitic blocks and as pegmatitic dikes that cut ultramafic rocks.The metasomatic and melting processes reflected in these rocks could be analogous to those proposed for fluid and melt transfer of components from a subducting slab to the mantle wedge. Aqueous fluids rather than melts seem to have accomplished the bulk of mass transfer within the mafic and ultramafic complex.Geochemical and petrological evidence suggest that subducted components (slab 2 sediment) mix with mantle peridotite in deep-seated portions of active subduction zones (

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Melting Relations of Basalt with Equilibrium Water Pressure Less Than Total Pressure

Cited by 431 publications

References 32 publications

Structure, petrology, and genesis of Cenozoic volcanism, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand—a review

Structure, petrology, and genesis of Cenozoic volcanism, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand—a review

Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors

Petrology of amphibolite‐facies mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Catalina Schist, southern California: metasomatism and migmatization in a subduction zone metamorphic setting

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