Melting point of ice in aqueous saccharide solutions

Sei, Tadanori; Gonda, T.

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.04.113

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Many optical microscopy studies have been carried out to date to observe the surface morphology of ice crystals, such as steps (11)(12)(13)(14)(15), height topography (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) and quasi-liquid layers (QLLs) (24,25), by ordinary bright-field microscopy (11,15,16), differential interference contrast microscopy (12-14, 17, 21-23, 25), two-beam interferometry (18)(19)(20), and laser reflection microscopy (24). However, none of these studies could prove, by their optical observations, that they could visualize individual elementary steps, mainly due to the small reflectivity (1.8%) of air-ice interfaces.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elementary steps at the surface of ice crystals visualized by advanced optical microscopy

Sazaki

Zepeda

Nakatsubo

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

150

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Due to the abundance of ice on earth, the phase transition of ice plays crucially important roles in various phenomena in nature. Hence, the molecular-level understanding of ice crystal surfaces holds the key to unlocking the secrets of a number of fields. In this study we demonstrate, by laser confocal microscopy combined with differential interference contrast microscopy, that elementary steps (the growing ends of ubiquitous molecular layers with the minimum height) of ice crystals and their dynamic behavior can be visualized directly at air-ice interfaces. We observed the appearance and lateral growth of two-dimensional islands on ice crystal surfaces. When the steps of neighboring two-dimensional islands coalesced, the contrast of the steps always disappeared completely. We were able to discount the occurrence of steps too small to detect directly because we never observed the associated phenomena that would indicate their presence. In addition, classical two-dimensional nucleation theory does not support the appearance of multilayered two-dimensional islands. Hence, we concluded that two-dimensional islands with elementary height (0.37 and 0.39 nm on basal and prism faces, respectively) were visualized by our optical microscopy. On basal and prism faces, we also observed the spiral growth steps generated by screw dislocations. The distance between adjacent spiral steps on a prism face was about 1∕20 of that on a basal face. Hence, the step ledge energy of a prism face was 1∕20 of that on a basal face, in accord with the known lowertemperature roughening transition of the prism face.in situ observation | monomolecular steps | two-dimensional nucleation growth | spiral growth I ce is one of the most abundant materials on earth, and its phase transition governs a wide variety of phenomena, such as weather, environment-related issues, life in a cryosphere, and cosmic evolution, etc. Hence the molecular-level understanding of ice crystal surfaces is crucially important. For example, ice crystal surfaces play a key role in heterogeneous physical/chemical reactions, such as the degradation of ozone and organic compounds adsorbed on ice crystal surfaces by UV light irradiation (1-4), the suppression of the growth of ice in living things by antifreeze proteins adsorbed on ice crystal surfaces (5-8), etc., as well as in the growth and sublimation/melting of ice crystals.A crystal bounded by flat crystal faces grows layer by layer (9, 10), utilizing laterally growing molecular layers that have the minimum height determined by the crystal structure. Hence, growing ends of such molecular layers, so-called "elementary steps," which ubiquitously exist on a crystal surface, play a key role during the physical/chemical reactions and the growth and sublimation/melting of ice crystals. Therefore to clarify such phenomena at the molecular level, first one has to observe elementary steps on ice crystal surfaces.Many optical microscopy studies have been carried out to date to observe the surface morphology of ice crystals, such ...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Elementary steps at the surface of ice crystals visualized by advanced optical microscopy

Sazaki

Zepeda

Nakatsubo

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

150

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“…Many studies have been so far carried out to observe the growth of ice crystals mainly by optical techniques. Ordinary bright-field optical microscopy − and differential interference contrast microscopy − were used to measure the size of ice crystals and surface morphologies such as bunched steps, respectively. Two-beam interferometry − enabled the precise measurements of normal growth rate at several nanometers/s level and three-dimensional surface topography of ice crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Kinetics of Elementary Spiral Steps on Ice Prism Faces Grown in Vapor and Their Temperature Dependence

Miyamoto

Kouchi

Murata

et al. 2022

Crystal Growth & Design

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We grew prism faces of ice crystals heteroepitaxially on a {101̅ 0} CdSe wafer. Then, we observed the lateral growth of elementary spiral steps on prism faces in vapor by advanced optical microscopy. On prism faces, we found that outcrops of screw dislocations are mostly located in the interiors of prism faces and that distance L between adjacent spiral steps is uniform, whereas these two features are not observed on basal faces. We measured the velocity V step of elementary spiral steps on prism faces under various supersaturation and determined the step kinetic coefficient β. Then, we revealed that the value of β on prism faces monotonically decreases with decreasing temperature (T) from −2.6 to −25.0 °C. In this T range, the value of β on prism faces is significantly smaller than that on basal faces (determined previously). We further analyzed the relation between L and driving force for crystallization Δμ and found that at T ∼ −15 °C, the step ledge free energy κ on prism faces reaches a peak (8.5 × 10 −10 J/m), implying the change in surface structures at this temperature.

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“…Παρατηρείται ότι τα ωσµωτικά προκατεργασµένα φιλέτα τσιπούρας παρουσιάζουν χαµηλότερο σηµείο κατάψυξης συγκριτικά µε τα ανεπεξέργαστα, γεγονός που δικαιολογείται από την αύξηση της συγκέντρωσης των διαλυµένων συστατικών στο περιεχόµενο στο τρόφιµο νερό, που οδηγεί σε ταπείνωση του σηµείου πήξης του περιεχόµενου νερού. Η προσθήκη τρεχαλόζης και γλυκοζαµίνης στο ωσµωτικό διάλυµα οδηγούν σε σηµαντική ταπείνωση του σηµείου πήξης του νερού, όπως έχει αναφερθεί σε σχετικές µελέτες της σύγχρονης βιβλιογραφίας (Sei et al, 2006 Lee et al, 1984, Zeng et al, 2005 Προκειµένου να χρησιµοποιηθεί ένα ενιαίο µοντέλο για την περιγραφή της θερµοκρασιακής εξάρτησης της µικροβιακής ανάπτυξης σε όλο το µελετώµενο εύρος τιµών (-3 έως 15°C), πραγµατοποιείται προσαρµογή στο µοντέλο Davey που περιγράφεται από την εξής εξίσωση , Zeng et al, 2005, Uchiyama et al, 1947 . Η τιµή TBARS παρουσιάζει αύξηση µε το χρόνο και τη θερµοκρασία συντήρησης, µε τα ωσµωτικά προκατεργασµένα δείγµατα να µην παρουσιάζουν σηµαντικές διαφορές από τα ανεπεξέργαστα φιλέτα.…”

Section: παράµετροςunclassified

Μελέτη Μη Θερμικών Προκατεργασιών Για Τη Βελτίωση Της Διατηρησιμότητας Ιχθυηρών

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Melting point of ice in aqueous saccharide solutions

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Elementary steps at the surface of ice crystals visualized by advanced optical microscopy

Elementary steps at the surface of ice crystals visualized by advanced optical microscopy

Growth Kinetics of Elementary Spiral Steps on Ice Prism Faces Grown in Vapor and Their Temperature Dependence

Μελέτη Μη Θερμικών Προκατεργασιών Για Τη Βελτίωση Της Διατηρησιμότητας Ιχθυηρών

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