“…Although mainly based on a new round of numerical modeling (e.g., Behn et al, 2011;Marschall and Schumacher, 2012), an increasing number of geochemical and experimental studies argue that mélange models have advantages over the traditional fluid/melt fluxed models in explaining not only the major-trace elements, but also radiogenic isotope as well as nontraditional stable isotope (e.g., Mg) compositions of individual arc rocks or global arc rocks in general (e.g., Hao et al, 2022;Codillo et al, 2018;Cruz-Uribe et al, 2018;Nielsen and Marschall, 2017;Parolari et al, 2021). On the other hand, considering that this model intrinsically demands the low-pressure-high-temperature melting conditions for the oceanic crust including sediments in the mélange or mélange-peridotite mixtures, and physical mixing of sediments and oceanic crust with the mantle would significantly dilute the concentration of key elements such as Ti and Zr in the mixtures, whether sufficient quantities of key accessory minerals such as rutile and zircon will continue to stabilize during mélange melting to produce the unique trace element geochemical characteristics of arc rocks was severely questioned (e.g., Li et al, 2022;Pirard and Hermann, 2015;Turner and Langmuir, 2022).…”