Melting mechanisms in enclosed laser processing

Stewart, Richard E.; Li, L.; Isherwood, R

doi:10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00939-5

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The curing process involves ink migration within the polymer due to convection, resulting in a permanent image. To describe this process, the principles of laser melting models developed for coated systems can be applied [ 20 ], but complex polymer structures introduce limitations, necessitating consideration of factors like phase transition temperatures, chemical modifications, and heat transfer. Presently, the research into the mechanisms governing laser integration of nanomaterials, such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), into polymers is to the best of our knowledge limited to just a few works cited here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Approach to Integrating Reduced Graphene Oxide into Polymer Electronics

Abyzova,

Petrov,

Bril’

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Flexible electronics have sparked significant interest in the development of electrically conductive polymer-based composite materials. While efforts are being made to fabricate these composites through laser integration techniques, a versatile methodology applicable to a broad range of thermoplastic polymers remains elusive. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms driving the formation of such composites are not thoroughly understood. Addressing this knowledge gap, our research focuses on the core processes determining the integration of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with polymers to engineer coatings that are not only flexible and robust but also exhibit electrical conductivity. Notably, we have identified a particular range of laser power densities (between 0.8 and 1.83 kW/cm2), which enables obtaining graphene polymer composite coatings for a large set of thermoplastic polymers. These laser parameters are primarily defined by the thermal properties of the polymers as confirmed by thermal analysis as well as numerical simulations. Scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that conductivity can be achieved by two mechanisms—rGO integration and polymer carbonization. Additionally, high-speed videos allowed us to capture the graphene oxide (GO) modification and melt pool formation during laser processing. The cross-sectional analysis of the laser-processed samples showed that the convective flows are present in the polymer substrate explaining the observed behavior. Moreover, the practical application of our research is exemplified through the successful assembly of a conductive wristband for wearable devices. Our study not only fills a critical knowledge gap but also offers a tangible illustration of the potential impact of laser-induced rGO-polymer integration in materials science and engineering applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universal Approach to Integrating Reduced Graphene Oxide into Polymer Electronics

Abyzova,

Petrov,

Bril’

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Typical mechanical properties for commonly used casting alloys range from 138-345 MPa ultimate tensile strength and 103-276 MPa yield strength with up to 20% elongation [1][2][3][4][10][11][12][13]. Surface processing using laser treatment can offer a great flexibility such as a minimal process time, reaching few tents of seconds, a minimum thermal distortion and good metallurgical bonding between the fed ceramic powder and the substrate [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The major concern for laser treatment is to avoid defects, such as cracks, bubbles, depressions and pinholes in the coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining of laser surface treatment parameters used for light metal alloying with ceramic powders

Tański

2014

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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There are presented in this paper the investigation results of microstructure as well hardness investigation of the surface layer of cast aluminium alloys in as-cast state and after laser surface treatment using a high power diode laser (HPDL) with Al 2 O 3 ceramic powder. The purpose of this work was to determine the proper laser treatment conditions for surface treatment of the investigated alloys and to describe the structural changes occurred in the surface layer after laser treatment. For investigation of the obtained structure there was used light as well scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology and size of the ceramic powder particles as well the structure of the remelted aluminium surface layer was possible to determine. After the laser surface treatment carried out on the aluminium cast alloys there are visible structural changes concerning the microstructure as well as distribution and morphology of the fed particles occurred in the sample surface. Concerning the laser treatment conditions for surface hardening also the laser power and ceramic powder feed rate was studied. The structure of the surface laser tray changes in a way, that there are zones detected like the remelting zone and the heat influence zone. This investigation with appliance of a high power diode laser for Al alloys makes it possible to obtain or develop an interesting technology very attractive for different industry branches.Keywords: Manufacturing and processing / laser surface treatment / aluminum cast alloys / laser feeding Dieser Beitrag stellt sowohl die Ergebnisse der Mikrostrukturuntersuchungen, als auch der Härteuntersuchungen der Oberflächenschicht von Aluminium-Gusslegierungen im Gusszustand und nach einer Laser-Oberflächenbehandlung mittels eines Hochleistungsdiodenlasers und Al 2 O 3 Keramikpulver zusammen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Bestimmung der geeigneten Laserparameter zur Oberflächenbehand-lung der untersuchten Legierungen und die Beschreibung der Strukturänderungen in der Oberflächenschicht nach der Laserzuführung. Zur Strukturuntersuchung wurde sowohl Licht-als auch Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie eingesetzt. Es konnte die Morphologie und die Größe der Keramikpulver-Partikel als auch der wiederaufgeschmolzenen Aluminium-Oberflächenschicht bestimmt werden. Nach der LaserOberflächenbehandlung der Aluminium-Gusslegierungen ergaben sich sichtbare Strukturänderungen bezüglich der Mikrostruktur als auch der Morphologie der zugeführten Partikel in der Oberflächenschicht. In Bezug auf die Laserbearbeitungs-Bedingungen zur Oberflächenhärtung wurden die Laserleistung und die Förderrate des Keramikpulvers untersucht. Die Struktur der Laser-Oberflächenmulde ändert sich

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The enclosed laser ablation of multiple stacks of laminated, metallised polymer

Stewart

Isherwood

2003

Optics & Laser Technology

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Melting mechanisms in enclosed laser processing

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Universal Approach to Integrating Reduced Graphene Oxide into Polymer Electronics

Universal Approach to Integrating Reduced Graphene Oxide into Polymer Electronics

Determining of laser surface treatment parameters used for light metal alloying with ceramic powders

The enclosed laser ablation of multiple stacks of laminated, metallised polymer

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