Melleins—Intriguing Natural Compounds

Reveglia, Pierluigi; Masi, Marco; Evidente, Antonio

doi:10.3390/biom10050772

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Mellein ( 1 ) belongs to the subgroup of 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins. R -(-)-mellein is produced by fungi, plants insects, and bacteria, with fungi being the main natural source of this compound [ 37 ]. Overall, eleven out of 27 species in the Aspergillus section Circumdati produce mellein [ 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

Morales-Sánchez

Díaz

Trujillo

et al. 2021

JoF

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In the current study, an ethyl acetate extract from the endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2 isolated from the stem parts of the endemic plant Bethencourtia palmensis was screened for its biocontrol properties against plant pathogens (Fusarium moniliforme, Alternaria alternata, and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi), plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), and ticks (Hyalomma lusitanicum). SPH2 gave extracts with strong fungicidal and ixodicidal effects at different fermentation times. The bioguided isolation of these extracts gave compounds 1–3. Mellein (1) showed strong ixodicidal effects and was also fungicidal. This is the first report on the ixodicidal effects of 1. Neoaspergillic acid (2) showed potent antifungal effects. Compound 2 appeared during the exponential phase of the fungal growth while neohydroxyaspergillic acid (3) appeared during the stationary phase, suggesting that 2 is the biosynthetic precursor of 3. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A was not detected under the fermentation conditions used in this work. Therefore, SPH2 could be a potential biotechnological tool for the production of ixodicidal extracts rich in mellein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

Morales-Sánchez

Díaz

Trujillo

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…such as B. mamane , [23] B. rhodian , [24] B. obtusa , [57] and others fungi including Aspergillus , Phoma , Penicillium [27,56,63,64] . Mellein derivatives have different biological activities such as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antifungal and could have a fundamental role in the chemical ecology of the producer microorganisms [65] . In this study, the production of (−)‐( R )‐mellein was produced by CM and increased in co‐cultures supporting its role in fungal interaction to compete with other organisms, reducing or inhibiting the growth of competitors FS.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Chemical Diversity during Co‐Cultures: An Integrative Time‐Scale Metabolomics Study of Fungal Endophytes Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani

Triastuti

Haddad

Barakat

et al. 2021

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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A rapid and efficient metabolomic study of Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani co‐cultivation in time‐series based analysis was developed to study metabolome variations during their fungal interactions. The fungal metabolomes were studied through the integration of four metabolomic tools: MS‐DIAL, a chromatographic deconvolution of liquid‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC/MS); MS‐FINDER, a structure‐elucidation program with a wide range metabolome database; GNPS, an effective method to organize MS/MS fragmentation spectra, and MetaboAnalyst, a comprehensive web application for metabolomic data analysis and interpretation. Co‐cultures of C. mamane and F. solani induced different patterns of metabolite production over 10 days of incubation and induced production of five de novo compounds not occurring in monocultures. These results emphasize that co‐culture in time‐frame analysis is an interesting method to unravel hidden metabolome in the investigation of fungal chemodiversity.

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“…However, most of these compounds also showed other interesting biological activities as reported in detail in a recent review [ 24 ]. In particular, some of them have already been reported for their antifungal activity, such as cyclopaldic acid, epi -epoformin, sphaerosidins A–C, sphaeropsidone and ( R )-mellein [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 37 , 38 ]. In addition, 1 and 2 were able to inhibit the development of two major rust fungi in agrarian crops P. triticina and U. pisi [ 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Biofilm Activity of the Fungal Phytotoxin Sphaeropsidin A against Clinical Isolates of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

Roscetto

Masi²,

Esposito

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Many pathogens involved in human infection have rapidly increased their antibiotic resistance, reducing the effectiveness of therapies in recent decades. Most of them can form biofilms and effective drugs are not available to treat these formations. Natural products could represent an efficient solution in discovering and developing new drugs to overcome antimicrobial resistance and treat biofilm-related infections. In this study, 20 secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi of forest plants and belonging to diverse classes of naturally occurring compounds were evaluated for the first time against clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. epi-Epoformin, sphaeropsidone, and sphaeropsidin A showed antimicrobial activity on all test strains. In particular, sphaeropsidin A was effective at low concentrations with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 6.25 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL against all reference and clinical test strains. Furthermore, sphaeropsidin A at sub-inhibitory concentrations decreased methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation, as quantified by crystal violet staining. Interestingly, mixtures of sphaeropsidin A and epi-epoformin have shown antimicrobial synergistic effects with a concomitant reduction of cytotoxicity against human immortalized keratinocytes. Our data show that sphaeropsidin A and epi-epoformin possess promising antimicrobial properties.

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Melleins—Intriguing Natural Compounds

Cited by 43 publications

References 121 publications

Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

Bioactive Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. SPH2

Dynamics of Chemical Diversity during Co‐Cultures: An Integrative Time‐Scale Metabolomics Study of Fungal Endophytes Cophinforma mamane and Fusarium solani

Anti-Biofilm Activity of the Fungal Phytotoxin Sphaeropsidin A against Clinical Isolates of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

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