Melioidosis: Review and Update

Leelarasamee, Amorn; Bovornkitti, Somchai

doi:10.1093/clinids/11.3.413

Cited by 379 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Haematogenous spread following skin inoculation leads to pneumonia, visceral abscesses and occasionally osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Diabetics and alcoholics are especially at risk of melioidosis [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia

et al. 1996

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SUMMARYA retrospective study of 191 cases of septic arthritis was undertaken at Royal Darwin Hospital in the tropical north of Australia. Incidence was 9-2 per 100000 overall and 29 1 per 100000 in Aboriginal Australians (RR 6-6; 95 % CI 5 0-8 9). Males were affected more than females (RR 1 6; 95 % CI 1 2-2 1). There was no previous joint disease or medical illness in 54 %. The commonest joints involved were the knee (54%) and hip (13 %). Significant age associations were infected hips in those under 15 years and infected knees in those over 45 years. Seventytwo percent of infections were haematogenous. Causative organisms included Staphylococcus aureus (37%), Streptococcus pyogenes (16%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (12 %). Unusual infections included three melioidosis cases. Polyarthritis occurred in 17%, with N. gonorrhoeae (11/23) more likely to present as polyarthritis than other organisms (22/168) (OR 6-0; 95% CI 2 1-16-7). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed the hip to be at greater risk for S. aureus than other joints. Open arthrotomy was a more successful treatment procedure than arthroscopic washout or needle aspiration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia

et al. 1996

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“…Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease that can manifest itself as an acute, subacute or chronic infection [1,2]. The acute form of the disease accounts for a significant proportion of often fatal, community-acquired septicaemia in areas of south-east Asia and Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of type III secretion gene clusters in Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. thailandensis and B. mallei

Rainbow

Winstanley

2002

Journal of Medical Microbiology

107

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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, carries a cluster of genes closely related in organisation to the type III secretion (TTS) system gene clusters of the plant pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas spp. The TTS gene cluster (TTS1) is present only in B. pseudomallei and not in avirulent B. thailandensis. Adjacent to the gene cluster encoding putative secreton structural proteins lie a number of open reading frames (ORFs) encoding putative proteins with little or no homology to known proteins, with the exception of one predicted protein with homology to Pseudomonas syringae HrpK. In both R. solanacearum and Xanthomonas spp., genes in this location encode secreted effector proteins. RT-PCR analysis indicated that TTS genes, including two of these ORFs, are expressed in broth at 378C. Analysis of genome sequence data identified a second cluster of TTS genes (TTS2) present in both B. pseudomallei and B. mallei (99% identity). However, B. mallei appears to lack the TTS1 gene cluster. PCR assays indicated that TTS2 was also present in B. thailandensis. TTS1 and TTS2 are similar in gene organisation, but nucleotide sequences are sufficiently divergent to suggest that the two TTS systems may have different roles.

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“…Since the 1960s B. pseudomallei has come to prominence in other parts of the world through infection of Vietnam veterans and, more recently, as a potential biological weapon (Josephson, 2001). The principal means of contracting melioidosis is through recreational or occupational exposure to contaminated soil or surface water (Leelarasamee and Bovornkitti, 1989), particularly via direct wound inoculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of free chlorine on Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

Howard¹,

Inglis²

2003

Water Research

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Chlorine is widely used in public water supplies to provide a disinfection barrier. The effect of chlorine disinfection on the water-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed using multiple techniques. After exposure to chlorine viable bacteria were undetectable by conventional plate count techniques, however persistence of B. pseudomallei was verified by flow cytometry and bacteria were recoverable following a simple one step broth procedure. The minimum residual chlorine concentration and contact time as prescribed by potable water providers in Australia was insufficient to reduce a B. pseudomallei population by more than 2 log 10 . Chlorine had a bacteriostatic effect only on B. pseudomallei; viable bacteria were recovered from water containing up to 1000 ppm free chlorine. This finding has practical implications for water treatment in regions where B. pseudomallei is endemic. Future work to assess the effect of alternative water disinfection processes either singly or in sequence is necessary.

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Melioidosis: Review and Update

Cited by 379 publications

References 48 publications

An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia

An 18 year clinical review of septic arthritis from tropical Australia

Distribution of type III secretion gene clusters in Burkholderia pseudomallei, B. thailandensis and B. mallei

The effect of free chlorine on Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

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