Melioidosis: An Emerging Infection in Taiwan?

Hsueh, Po‐Ren; Teng, Lee-Jene; Lee, Lina; Yu, Cheong-Ren; Yang, Pan‐Chyr; Ho, Shen‐Wu; Luh, Kwen‐Tay

doi:10.3201/eid0703.010310

Cited by 38 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is also evident in the apparent changing epidemiology of the infection; despite Krishnaswami documenting melioidosis in 5% of all autopsy deaths in 1917, the only reported cases from Burma since 1945 have been in travelers (205,268,472). Similarly, Thailand and Australia, where the highest rates of disease are currently noted, did not record cases until 1947 and 1950, respectively (130,358).…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One case from within the country has been described (414). Although the disease was reported in up to 10% of autopsy deaths in Rangoon, Burma, in the original series, since 1945 the only cases reported were one in a Dutch traveler (268) and a second possible exported case in a Taiwanese traveler (205).…”

Section: Vietnam Melioidosis Was First Noted In What Is Now Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human and animal cases have been imported from Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Indonesia, and the Philippines (120,122,205,370). Serological studies in East Timor suggest exposure to B. pseudomallei, but no culture-confirmed cases have been reported (P. Armstrong, personal communication).…”

Section: Vietnam Melioidosis Was First Noted In What Is Now Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ongoing outbreak in marine mammals in an ocean park has been described (193). In Taiwan, a case series and several sporadic cases, mostly autochthonous, have been described (40,205,(262)(263)(264)283).…”

Section: Vietnam Melioidosis Was First Noted In What Is Now Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

2005

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Melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative saprophyte Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a disease of public health importance in southeast Asia and northern Australia that is associated with high case-fatality rates in animals and humans. It has the potential for epidemic spread to areas where it is not endemic, and sporadic case reports elsewhere in the world suggest that as-yet-unrecognized foci of infection may exist. Environmental determinants of this infection, apart from a close association with rainfall, are yet to be elucidated. The sequencing of the genome of a strain of B. pseudomallei has recently been completed and will help in the further identification of virulence factors. The presence of specific risk factors for infection, such as diabetes, suggests that functional neutrophil defects are important in the pathogenesis of melioidosis; other studies have defined virulence factors (including a type III secretion system) that allow evasion of killing mechanisms by phagocytes. There is a possible role for cell-mediated immunity, but repeated environmental exposure does not elicit protective humoral or cellular immunity. A vaccine is under development, but economic constraints may make vaccination an unrealistic option for many regions of endemicity. Disease manifestations are protean, and no inexpensive, practical, and accurate rapid diagnostic tests are commercially available; diagnosis relies on culture of the organism. Despite the introduction of ceftazidime- and carbapenem-based intravenous treatments, melioidosis is still associated with a significant mortality attributable to severe sepsis and its complications. A long course of oral eradication therapy is required to prevent relapse. Studies exploring the role of preventative measures, earlier clinical identification, and better management of severe sepsis are required to reduce the burden of this disease

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Vietnam Melioidosis Was First Noted In What Is Now Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vietnam Melioidosis Was First Noted In What Is Now Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vietnam Melioidosis Was First Noted In What Is Now Southernmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

2005

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“…Melioidosis is also common in Malaysia [20][21][22] and Singapore [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Other countries in the region where melioidosis is recognised in humans and animals include China (especially Hong Kong), Taiwan and Brunei [15,[29][30][31][32][33]. Melioidosis is also likely to occur in Cambodia, Laos and the Philippines [15,19,34].…”

Section: Endemic Melioidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Currie¹

2003

Eur Respir J

166

171

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Effects of soil pH, temperature and water content on the growth ofBurkholderia pseudomallei

Chen

Kao

et al. 2003

Folia Microbiol

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Optimum conditions were determined for the growth of Burkholderia pseudomallei in natural soils or waters. It grows better in paddy soil, crop-covered and fallow field than in fresh and salty water. Although the optimal temperature and pH for the growth were 37 or 42 degrees C, and 6.5 or 7.5 in an environmental-mimicking soil medium, this bacterium can still grow at 4 degrees C, which was suggested to be related with the occurrence of melioidosis in some cold areas. In soil media with water content < 15. B. pseudomallei did not grow until 60 d of incubation, suggesting that water contents of soils in which it dwelled would be one important factor in determining the growth rate.

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Melioidosis: An Emerging Infection in Taiwan?

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

Melioidosis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management

Melioidosis: an important cause of pneumonia in residents of and travellers returned from endemic regions

Effects of soil pH, temperature and water content on the growth ofBurkholderia pseudomallei

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