Melatonin sees the light: blocking GABA‐ergic transmission in the paraventricular nucleus induces daytime secretion of melatonin

Kalsbeek, Andries; Garidou, Marie-Laure; Palm, I.F.; Vliet, Jan van der; Simonneaux, V.; Pévet, Paul; Buijs, Ruud M.

doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00202.x

Cited by 163 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…3). The SCN releases GABA to inhibit the sympathetic input to the pineal gland during the daytime while this inhibition is released during the night (Kalsbeek et al 2000). In addition, the SCN sends a constant glutamatergic stimulatory input to the pineal gland which is overwhelmed by the inhibitory mechanism during the night (Perreau- Lenz et al 2004).…”

Section: Scn-pineal Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems

Tsang¹,

Barclay

Oster

2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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In most species, endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology. Clock disruption has been associated with decreased cognitive performance and increased propensity to develop obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Many hormonal factors show robust diurnal secretion rhythms, some of which are involved in mediating clock output from the brain to peripheral tissues. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of clock-hormone interaction in mammals, the contribution of different tissue oscillators to hormonal regulation, and how changes in circadian timing impinge on endocrine signalling and downstream processes. We further summarize recent findings suggesting that hormonal signals may feed back on circadian regulation and how this crosstalk interferes with physiological and metabolic homeostasis.

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Section: Scn-pineal Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems

Tsang¹,

Barclay

Oster

2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…Properties of the circadian pacemaker have also been studied by monitoring in vivo secretion of circadian hormones such as melatonin using a microdialysis probe inserted into the pineal gland (Azekawa et al, 1990(Azekawa et al, , 1991Drifhgout et al, 1993;Barassin et al, 1999;Kalsbeek et al, 2000), the site of melatonin production (Borjigin et al, 1999). Melatonin production in the pineal gland is controlled by the circadian pacemaker in the SCN via a multi-synaptic neuronal pathway ( Figure 1A; Kennaway, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In earlier experiments, microdialysis sampling and analyses of melatonin were carried out in vivo for 1-4 days in individual animals, and the results were averaged for a group of animals (Azekawa et al, 1990(Azekawa et al, , 1991Drifhgout et al, 1993;Kalsbeek et al, 2000). Inter-individual variations of the circadian pacemaker activity were difficult to define.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of long-term microdialysis in circadian rhythm research

Borjigin

Liu

2008

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Our laboratory has pioneered long-term microdialysis to monitor pineal melatonin secretion in living animals across multiple circadian cycles. There are numerous advantages of this approach for rhythm analysis: (1) we can precisely define melatonin onset and offset phases; (2) melatonin is a reliable and stable neuroendocrine output of the circadian clock (versus behavioral output which is sensitive to stress or other factors); (3) melatonin measurements can be performed extremely frequently, permitting high temporal resolution (10 min sampling intervals), which allows detection of slight changes in phase; (4) the measurements can be performed for more than four weeks, allowing perturbations of the circadian clock to be followed long-term in the same animals; (5) this is an automated process (microdialysis coupled with on-line HPLC analysis), which increases accuracy and bypasses the labor-intensive and error-prone manual handling of dialysis samples; and (6) our approach allows real-time investigation of circadian rhythm function and permits appropriate timely adjustments of experimental conditions. The longevity of microdialysis probes, the key to the success of this approach, depends at least in part on the methods of the construction and implantation of dialysis probes. In this article, we have detailed the procedures of construction and surgical implantation of microdialysis probes used currently in our laboratory, which are significantly improved from our previous methods.

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“…Furthermore, light inhibits melatonin secretion through the ANS (142) and light has been reported to affect glucocorticoid secretion, although some studies describe increased glucocorticoid levels due to bright light (143,144) , whereas another study describes decreased glucocorticoid levels (145,146) . These inconsistent findings might be related to the duration, intensity or timing of the light exposure.…”

Section: Proceedings Of the Nutrition Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

et al. 2016

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Use of artificial light resulted in relative independence from the natural light-dark (LD) cycle, allowing human subjects to shift the timing of food intake and work to convenient times. However, the increase in artificial light exposure parallels the increase in obesity prevalence. Light is the dominant Zeitgeber for the central circadian clock, which resides within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus, and coordinates daily rhythm in feeding behaviour and metabolism. Eating during inappropriate light conditions may result in metabolic disease via changes in the biological clock. In this review, we describe the physiological role of light in the circadian timing system and explore the interaction between the circadian timing system and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the acute and chronic effects of artificial light exposure on food intake and energy metabolism in animals and human subjects. We propose that living in synchrony with the natural daily LD cycle promotes metabolic health and increased exposure to artificial light at inappropriate times of day has adverse effects on metabolism, feeding behaviour and body weight regulation. Reducing the negative side effects of the extensive use of artificial light in human subjects might be useful in the prevention of metabolic disease.Artificial light: Circadian: Glucose metabolism: Obesity Changes in artificial light exposureObesity is an increasing health problem and is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes and CVD (1) . The pathophysiology of obesity is multifactorial, with the major contributions from overconsumption of highenergy highly palatable food and an inactive lifestyle (2) . One modern environmental factor that contributes to changes in eating behaviour is the widespread use of artificial light. The relative independence from the natural light-dark (LD) cycle, allows people to eat and engage in activities until late in the evening and at night. Artificial light has also led to an increase in nighttime sky glow and to the transformation of nightscapes. More than 99% of the US and EU population, and about two-thirds of the world population lives in areas where the night sky is illuminated above the threshold for light pollution (artificial sky brightness greater than 10% of the natural night sky brightness above 45°eleva-tion). Moreover, satellite data show that 70% of the US population and 50% of the European population can no longer see the Milky Way, even under the best conditions (3) . Cinzano et al. (3) calculated that only 40% of Americans live in a location where it becomes sufficiently dark at night for the human eye to make a complete transition from cone to rod vision. Despite the benefits for

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Melatonin sees the light: blocking GABA‐ergic transmission in the paraventricular nucleus induces daytime secretion of melatonin

Cited by 163 publications

References 59 publications

Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems

Interactions between endocrine and circadian systems

Application of long-term microdialysis in circadian rhythm research

Nutrition in the spotlight: metabolic effects of environmental light

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