Melatonin, protocatechuic acid and hydroxytyrosol effects on vitagenes system against alpha-synuclein toxicity

Gallardo-Fernández, Marta; Hornedo-Ortega, Ruth; Cerezo, Ana B.; Troncoso, Ana M.; García‐Parrilla, M. Carmen

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2019.110817

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…This indicates that common small molecule phenolic metabolites are likely derived from many plant/food sources, which cannot be “washed-out”, but rather fluctuate relative to dietary habits. This provides support to recent theories of (poly)phenols acting as hermetic response regulators [27], where low level exposure to microbial small molecule metabolites may trigger detoxification pathway enzymes or defense proteins at some threshold concentrations [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Contribution of Berry Polyphenols to the Human Metabolome

et al. 2019

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Diets rich in berries provide health benefits, however, the contribution of berry phytochemicals to the human metabolome is largely unknown. The present study aimed to establish the impact of berry phytochemicals on the human metabolome. A “systematic review strategy” was utilized to characterize the phytochemical composition of the berries most commonly consumed in the USA; (poly)phenols, primarily anthocyanins, comprised the majority of reported plant secondary metabolites. A reference standard library and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) quantitative metabolomics methodology were developed and applied to serum/plasma samples from a blueberry and a strawberry intervention, revealing a diversity of benzoic, cinnamic, phenylacetic, 3-(phenyl)propanoic and hippuric acids, and benzyldehydes. 3-Phenylpropanoic, 2-hydroxybenzoic, and hippuric acid were highly abundant (mean > 1 µM). Few metabolites at concentrations above 100 nM changed significantly in either intervention. Significant intervention effects (p < 0.05) were observed for plasma/serum 2-hydroxybenzoic acid and hippuric acid in the blueberry intervention, and for 3-methoxyphenylacetic acid and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the strawberry intervention. However, significant within-group effects for change from baseline were prevalent, suggesting that high inter-individual variability precluded significant treatment effects. Berry consumption in general appears to cause a fluctuation in the pools of small molecule metabolites already present at baseline, rather than the appearance of unique berry-derived metabolites, which likely reflects the ubiquitous nature of (poly)phenols in the background diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Contribution of Berry Polyphenols to the Human Metabolome

et al. 2019

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“…The different results found for LPS and α-syn suggest pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects of HT. Some of these differences could be because of the ability of HT to prevent α-syn aggregation, and thus to counteract α-syn-induced toxicity in PC12 cell cultures [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxytyrosol Decreases LPS- and α-Synuclein-Induced Microglial Activation In Vitro

et al. 2019

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I.M.A.-B.); rodriguez@us.es (J.A.R.-G.); jlvenero@us.es (J.L.V.); depablos@us.es (R.M.d.P.)Abstract: Neuroinflammation is a common feature shared by neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), and seems to play a key role in their development and progression. Microglia cells, the principal orchestrators of neuroinflammation, can be polarized in different phenotypes, which means they are able to have anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, or neurodegenerative effects. Increasing evidence supports that the traditional Mediterranean dietary pattern is related to the reduction of cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases. A considerable intake of plant foods, fish, and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), as well as a moderate consumption of red wine, all characteristic of the Mediterranean diet (MD), are behind these effects. These foods are especially rich in polyphenols, being the most relevant in the MD hydroxytyrosol (HT) and their derivatives present in EVOO, which have demonstrated a wide array of biological activities. Here, we demonstrate that HT is able to reduce the inflammation induced by two different stimuli: lipopolysaccharide and α-synuclein. We also study the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of HT, including the study of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and inflammasome. Our data support the use of HT to prevent the inflammation associated with PD and shed light into the relationship between MD and this neurological disorder.

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“…Sirt1 has been shown to be essential for synaptic plasticity, cognitive functions [150], modulation of learning, and the preservation of memory processes that deteriorate during aging, in the brain [151]. Recently, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that HT and OLE inhibit the inflammatory response through different pathways regulated by several members of the sirtuin family (e.g., Sirt1, Sirt2, Sirt6) [140,[152][153][154][155][156].…”

Section: Redox Homeostasis and The Inflammatory Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms

Leri

Scuto

Ontario

et al. 2020

IJMS

311

213

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The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer’s and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.

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Melatonin, protocatechuic acid and hydroxytyrosol effects on vitagenes system against alpha-synuclein toxicity

Cited by 34 publications

References 74 publications

Contribution of Berry Polyphenols to the Human Metabolome

Contribution of Berry Polyphenols to the Human Metabolome

Hydroxytyrosol Decreases LPS- and α-Synuclein-Induced Microglial Activation In Vitro

Healthy Effects of Plant Polyphenols: Molecular Mechanisms

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