Melatonin Function and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones under Normal and Stressful Conditions

Khan, Murtaza; Ali, Sajid; Manghwar, Hakim; Saqib, Saddam; Ullah, Fazal; Ayaz, Asma; Zaman, Wajid

doi:10.3390/genes13101699

Cited by 62 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(147 reference statements)

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“…More recent research has begun to uncover the novel roles of chloroplasts in plant growth and development. Melatonin produced in chloroplasts and mitochondria is important for plants under stress conditions [ 10 ]. The COP1LIKE protein acts as a repressor of photomorphogenesis and plays roles in the reproductive development and light-dependent pigment accumulation [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome and Phylogenetic Implications of Euonymus microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Genes

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Euonymus microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague, is a species of evergreen shrub of the genus Euonymus, family Celastraceae. Here, we extracted the genomic DNA from the leaves of E. microcarpus and constructed a paired-end library. The chloroplast genome of E. microcarpus was generated with the high-throughput sequencing by the illumina Hiseq X Ten platform and de novo assembly. The chloroplast genome had a quadripartite structure, containing a long single copy region with a size of 85,386 bp and a short single copy region with a size of 18,456 bp, separated by two inverted repeat regions of 26,850 bp. The chloroplast genome contained 133 genes identified in total, including 87 potential protein-coding genes, 38 transfer RNA genes, and eight ribosomal RNA genes. A total of 282 simple sequence repeats and 63 long repeats were found. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships inferred that E. microcarpus is sister to E. japonicus and E. schensianus. A comparison of the structure of the chloroplast genomes of eight Euonymus species suggests a nucleotide variability of the junction sites and a higher divergence of non-coding regions, compared to the coding regions. The original findings of the study serves as a good reference for chloroplast genome assembly and a valuable foundation for the genetic diversity and evolution of E. microcarpus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome and Phylogenetic Implications of Euonymus microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague

Chen

Wang

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…Except for tomatoes, our findings imply that ZF-HD/ZHD family genes have been largely conserved in evolution, along with their functions. In previous studies of ZF-HD/ZHD genes in other plants, researchers have concluded that these genes have undergone severe purifying selection, and their functions cannot be differentiated [ 42 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Motif analysis showed various conserved motifs of ZmZHD proteins in Classes I and II, revealing similar motifs present in the same subclass in the phylogenetic tree that are functionally similar ( Figure 3 A,C).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Identification and In Silico Analysis of ZF-HD Transcription Factor Genes in Zea mays L.

Islam

Nupur

Khalid

et al. 2022

Genes

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Zinc finger-homeodomain proteins are amongst the most prominent transcription factors (TFs) involved in biological processes, such as growth, development, and morphogenesis, and assist plants in alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic and biotic stresses. In the present study, genome-wide identification and expression analyses of the maize ZHD gene family were conducted. A total of 21 ZHD genes with different physicochemical properties were found distributed on nine chromosomes in maize. Through sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, we divided ZHD proteins into eight groups that have variations in gene structure, motif distribution, and a conserved ZF domain. Synteny analysis indicated duplication in four pairs of genes and the presence of orthologues of maize in monocots. Ka/Ks ratios suggested that strong pure selection occurred during evolution. Expression profiling revealed that the genes are evenly expressed in different tissues. Most of the genes were found to make a contribution to abiotic stress response, plant growth, and development. Overall, the evolutionary research on exons and introns, motif distributions, and cis-acting regions suggests that these genes play distinct roles in biological processes which may provide a basis for further study of these genes’ functions in other crops.

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“…Among other types of plant secondary metabolites, an example is melatonin, which is derived from tryptophan and was initially isolated from animals before being discovered in plants. Melatonin plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress; in addition, it has strong antioxidant activity [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Plant to Yeast—Advances in Biosynthesis of Artemisinin

et al. 2022

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Malaria is a life-threatening disease. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the preferred choice for malaria treatment recommended by the World Health Organization. At present, the main source of artemisinin is extracted from Artemisia annua; however, the artemisinin content in A. annua is only 0.1–1%, which cannot meet global demand. Meanwhile, the chemical synthesis of artemisinin has disadvantages such as complicated steps, high cost and low yield. Therefore, the application of the synthetic biology approach to produce artemisinin in vivo has magnificent prospects. In this review, the biosynthesis pathway of artemisinin was summarized. Then we discussed the advances in the heterologous biosynthesis of artemisinin using microorganisms (Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as chassis cells. With yeast as the cell factory, the production of artemisinin was transferred from plant to yeast. Through the optimization of the fermentation process, the yield of artemisinic acid reached 25 g/L, thereby producing the semi-synthesis of artemisinin. Moreover, we reviewed the genetic engineering in A. annua to improve the artemisinin content, which included overexpressing artemisinin biosynthesis pathway genes, blocking key genes in competitive pathways, and regulating the expression of transcription factors related to artemisinin biosynthesis. Finally, the research progress of artemisinin production in other plants (Nicotiana, Physcomitrella, etc.) was discussed. The current advances in artemisinin biosynthesis may help lay the foundation for the remarkable up-regulation of artemisinin production in A. annua through gene editing or molecular design breeding in the future.

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Melatonin Function and Crosstalk with Other Phytohormones under Normal and Stressful Conditions

Cited by 62 publications

References 122 publications

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome and Phylogenetic Implications of Euonymus microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome and Phylogenetic Implications of Euonymus microcarpus (Oliv.) Sprague

Genome-Wide Identification and In Silico Analysis of ZF-HD Transcription Factor Genes in Zea mays L.

From Plant to Yeast—Advances in Biosynthesis of Artemisinin

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