Melatonin enhances the immune response to vaccination against A1 and C strains of Dichelobacter nodosus

Vaccination prepartum enhances the beneficial effects of melatonin on the immune response and reduces platelet responsiveness in sheep

“…As expected, in control subjects and those treated by melatonin implants the plasma antibody concentration was unaltered during the experiment, while vaccine administration increased significantly plasma antibody concentration reaching the highest level after 60 days of vaccination (Table 2; P < 0.05 ). As shown in Table 2, in animals treated with melatonin implants the concentration of plasma antibodies was significantly greater after vaccination, which further support a positive role of melatonin in antibody production upon vaccination, as described in non-pregnant sheep [10]. Interestingly, while the effect of melatonin on the serum antibody level after vaccination of non-pregnant sheep was found to be slightly greater but not statistically different from the levels in vaccinated animals in the absence of melatonin [10], when the vaccination takes place prepartum, the serum antibody concentration was significantly greater in vaccinated controls in the presence of melatonin; thus suggesting that the time of vaccination plays a important role in the effect of melatonin on the immune response, being more effective when administered prepartum.…”

Multiple Facets of Melatonin in Immunity: Clinical Applications

“…The administration of melatonin was developed through subcutaneous slow-release implants (18 mg/animal following 21 days of the fi rst dose of vaccine), and the enhancer effect on antibody titers was synergized with aluminum hydroxide. The same effect was found with a double dose of melatonin after which the titer of antibodies and the IgG levels were notably increased comparing to untreated vaccinated animals [ 247 ]. The administration of melatonin either via implants or injections also enhanced the platelet response to thrombin stimulation improving the percentage and rate of aggregation and lag time [ 248 ].…”

Melatonin Protects CD4+ T Cells from Activation-Induced Cell Death by Blocking NFAT-Mediated CD95 Ligand Upregulation

“…Interestingly, melatonin was shown to increase Ab titers to thymus-dependent Ags and is being tested as a vaccine adjuvant against bacterial and viral infection (69,70). Also, the death of T cells throughout the Ag-driven clonal expansion in vivo is proportional to the Ag concentration (71) and is counteracted by the presence of TLR ligands through an unknown mechanism independent of Bim, Bcl-2, and Bcl-x L (72).…”