Melatonin concentrations in serum and tissues of porcine gastrointestinal tract and their relationship to the intake and passage of food

Bubenik, George A.; Pang, S.F.; Hacker, R. R.; Smith, Pamela S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-079x.1996.tb00294.x

Cited by 81 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The negative effect of a Trp deficiency on feed intake can also be explained through a peripheral control of appetite (Eder et al, 2001;Le Floc'h and Sè ve, 2007). Bubenik et al (1996) suggested that the neurohormone melatonin, which is produced from Trp in the gastrointestinal tract, may serve as a signal for synchronizing the ingestion and digestion processes. The effect of Trp on feed intake may also be caused by its effect on gastric emptying (Sè ve, 1999) or on ghrelin (Zhang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Data Selection and Relevance Of The Recalculation Of The Nutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the tryptophan requirement in piglets by meta-analysis

Simongiovanni¹,

Corrent²,

Floc'H

et al. 2012

Animal

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There is no consensus concerning the Trp requirement for piglets expressed relative to Lys on a standardized ileal digestible basis (SID Trp : Lys). A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the SID Trp : Lys ratio that maximizes performance of weaned piglets between 7 and 25 kg of BW. A database comprising 130 experiments on the Trp requirement in piglets was established. The nutritional values of the diets were calculated from the composition of feed ingredients. Among all experiments, 37 experiments were selected to be used in the meta-analysis because they were designed to express the Trp requirement relative to Lys (e.g. Lys was the second-limiting amino acid in the diet) while testing at least three levels of Trp. The linear-plateau (LP), curvilinear-plateau (CLP) and asymptotic (ASY) models were tested to estimate the SID Trp : Lys requirement using average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and gain-to-feed ratio (G : F) as response criteria. A multiplicative trial effect was included in the models on the plateau value, assuming that the experimental conditions affected only this parameter and not the requirement or the shape of the response to Trp. Model choice appeared to have an important impact on the estimated requirement. Using ADG and ADFI as response criteria, the SID Trp : Lys requirement was estimated at 17% with the LP model, at 22% with the CLP model and at 26% with the ASY model. Requirement estimates were slightly lower when G : F was used as response criterion. The Trp requirement was not affected by the composition of the diet (corn v. a mixture of cereals). The CLP model appeared to be the best-adapted model to describe the response curve of a population. This model predicted that increasing the SID Trp : Lys ratio from 17% to 22% resulted in an increase in ADG by 8%.

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Section: Data Selection and Relevance Of The Recalculation Of The Nutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the tryptophan requirement in piglets by meta-analysis

Simongiovanni¹,

Corrent²,

Floc'H

et al. 2012

Animal

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“…As mentioned previously, others studies found no sex differences in adult melatonin levels (Claypool et al1989;Bubenik et al 1996;W illiams et al 1997). It is well established that embryonic testes are producing testosterone in early stages of embryogenesis (Lincoln et al 1973), which may lead to a generally higher weight of male fetuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…In the 3 smallest fetuses we were unable to determine the sex of the animal. As no differences between melatonin levels of males and females were previously detected (Claypool et al 1989;Bubenik et al 1996;Williams et al 1997), fetuses of both sexes were used in our study. The entire GIT of fetuses was removed within 2 hours of the slaughter, separated into seven segments (rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, jejunum, ileum and colon) and frozen at -20 o C. The length of fetuses ranged from 14 to 52 cm, which corresponds to days 85-150 of pregnancy.…”

Section: Animal Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Melatonin Concentrations in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fetal Bovids

Bubenik¹,

Brown²,

Hacker³

et al. 2000

Acta Vet. Brno

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Day-time tissue levels of melatonin were determined in the rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, jejunum, ileum and colon of cow fetuses of both sexes. The total body length of the fetuses was 14 to 53 cm which corresponds to the first half of pregnancy; the approximate gestation age was 85-150 days. The data were divided into five equal groups according to fetal length. Average total melatonin concentrations (34.0 to 49.8 pg/g) did not differ greatly between the developmental stages but nevertheless a positive correlation (r s = 0.35, P < 0.001) was established between melatonin levels and fetal length. Significantly higher concentrations of melatonin (P < 0.001) were found in the male GIT. Finally, colon tissues exhibited higher concentrations of melatonin than any other GIT segment. As the average day-time values in fetal GIT (30.2 pg/g) were substantially lower than GIT levels found in adult cows (50-270 pg/g), it could be hypothesized that melatonin levels in the fetal GIT are derived from the maternal circulation. However, higher melatonin levels in older fetuses, the detection of higher levels in males and substantially higher levels of melatonin in the fetal GIT as compared to blood levels in adult cows, may indicate either an independent fetal production of GIT melatonin or the capacity of fetal GIT to concentrate melatonin derived from the maternal circulation. In view of these discrepancies it can be only concluded that the origin of melatonin in the bovine fetal GIT is at present unknown. The significantly higher concentration of melatonin found in the colon (P < 0.05) may be related to the presence of meconium detected in most fetuses in that GIT segment. This finding may indicate that melatonin has a physiological function in the fetal digestive system.

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“…Firstly, focussing on melatonin [35], consideration should be given to the two major components of melatonin secretion, viz. that of the pineal gland which is maximal during darkness when the electrical input from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is lowest, and gut synthesis from dietary L-tryptophan and other dietary components [36]. It appears that most organs have an endogenous circadian rhythm [37][38][39], including the murine gastrointestinal tract [40,41] and there are many other examples [42].…”

Section: Chronobiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hormones and Neuropeptides in IBS and other Gastrointestinal Disorders: Understanding Variability and Chrononutrition

et al. 2011

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Mind-brain-body-gene framework, including the role of chrononutrition, is probably implicated in the genesis of functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs). Emphasis was placed on psychosocial dysregulation, the bridging of the Cartesian Gap, and chronobiology viz. the way circadian and other rhythmic structures of the brain, e.g. suprachiasmatic nucleus, and gastrointestinal tract interact partially explaining the phrase "we are what and when we eat". Chronobiological concepts of strain and stress in the context of sensory pain and the time-qualified network of gut hormones and neuropeptides are discussed for melatonin, serotonin, ghrelin, leptin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y, orexins, and others. The Tsimtsoum evolutionary aspects of diet from Palaeolithic to modern man in the context of increased omega-3/omega-6 fatty acid ratio reduces proinflammatory responses, important in pre-metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, and protects against neuropsychic disorders possibly (FGIDs). Gut micro-organisms either affect the lumen (food substrates) and mucosa, where they reflect immunological, metabolic and physiologic function and importance of these two ecosystems. The interaction between enteric and autonomic systems and associated regulatory effects on proliferative and secretary epithelial dynamics and optimization of permeability for food nutrients and possible modulation of inflammation is an active area of research. In summary, this paper has focussed on the need to understand the multifarious aspects of biological and environmental variability, principally hormones and neuropeptides, in the possible genesis of (FGIDs).

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Melatonin concentrations in serum and tissues of porcine gastrointestinal tract and their relationship to the intake and passage of food

Cited by 81 publications

References 37 publications

Estimation of the tryptophan requirement in piglets by meta-analysis

Estimation of the tryptophan requirement in piglets by meta-analysis

Melatonin Concentrations in the Gastrointestinal Tissues of Fetal Bovids

Role of Hormones and Neuropeptides in IBS and other Gastrointestinal Disorders: Understanding Variability and Chrononutrition

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