Melatonin: Bone Metabolism in Oral Cavity

Abstract

Throughout life, bone tissue undergoes a continuous process of resorption and formation. Melatonin, with its antioxidant properties and its ability to detoxify free radicals, as suggested by Conconi et al. (2000) may interfere in the osteoclast function and thereby inhibit bone resorption, as suggested by Schroeder et al. (1981). Inhibition of bone resorption may be enhanced by a reaction of indoleamine in osteoclastogenesis. That it has been observed melatonin, at pharmacological doses, decrease bone mass resorption by suppressing through down regulation of the RANK-L, as suggested by Penarrocha Diago et al. (2005) and Steflik et al. (1994). These data point an osteogenic effect towards that may be of melatonin of clinical importance, as it could be used as a therapeutic agent in situations in which would be advantageous bone formation, such as in the treatment of fractures or osteoporosis or their use as, a bioactive surface on implant as suggested by Lissoni et al. (1991).

A New Role for 5‐methoxytryptophol On Bone Cells Function in Vitro

“…Consequently, age-related disorders, such as osteoporosis and deficient implant osseointegration issues, are suspected to be affected by the decrease in MEL secretion. In fact, MEL has been demonstrated to affect bone metabolism through both bone anabolic as well as antiresorptive effects, as reviewed in [Cardinali et al, 2003;López-Martínez et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2013]. Moreover, many authors have suggested potential beneficial effects of MEL on periodontal regeneration or in dental implantology [Carrillo-Vico et al, 2005;Cutando et al, 2007;Gomez-Moreno et al, 2010;Gómez-Florit et al, 2013].…”

Melatonin Effects on Hard Tissues: Bone and Tooth

“…In all of the components (except enamel), the organic component is comprised of 90% (by weight) of type I collagen fibers and 10% of non-collagenous proteins. The inorganic phase is constituted by small crystals of a mineral alkaline character, hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ] [18]. …”

“…There are four distinct phases to this process: activation, resorption, reversal, and formation with resorption and formation taking place via osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively [14]. Initially, osteoclast precursors are attracted to a particular area of bone surface, then differentiation into osteoclast, which is responsible to bone resorption by acidification and proteolytic digestion [18]. In the reversal phase, bone resorption transitions into bone formation, and osteoblast precursors are recruited to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts that invade the resorption area and begin to form new bone by secreting osteoid, which is eventually mineralized [14].…”

“…Melatonin is a significant free-radical scavenger and antioxidant. It can clear up the free radicals generated by osteoclast during the bone resorption process and protect bone cells from oxidative attacks [18,30,31]. …”

Extracellular matrix modulates the biological effects of melatonin in mesenchymal stem cells

“…Bone structures undergo a continuous remodeling process of resorption and formation via osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which are responsible for destroying the old bone architecture and building a new one respectively (Lopez-Martinez et al 2012). Osteoporosis, a bone disease characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration, is caused by dysfunction of both cell types (Sanchez-Barcelo et al 2010).…”