Melatonin and MitoEbselen-2 Are Radioprotective Agents to Mitochondria

Shimura, Tsutomu; Shiga, Rina; Sasatani, Megumi; Kamiya, Kenji; Ushiyama, Akira

doi:10.3390/genes14010045

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Numerous studies have shown that IR‐induced ROS are harmful to salivary gland function 31,32 . GPx and GRd are involved in maintaining ROS levels in mitochondria, while MLT can target mitochondria to prevent IR‐induced oxidative stress 33 . We found that MLT not only promoted the expression of antioxidant enzyme SOD2, but also increased the activity of SOD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…31,32 GPx and GRd are involved in maintaining ROS levels in mitochondria, while MLT can target mitochondria to prevent IR-induced oxidative stress. 33 We found that MLT not only promoted the expression of antioxidant enzyme SOD2, but also increased the activity of SOD. DSBs were detected by comet assay in the parotid glands of mice within minutes of IR exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Amelioration of gamma irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage in mice using melatonin

Ren

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Pineal Research

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Salivary gland damage caused by ionizing radiation (IR) severely affects the patient quality of life and influences the efficacy of radiotherapy. Most current treatment modalities are palliative, so effective prevention of damage caused by IR is essential. Melatonin (MLT) is an antioxidant that has been reported to prevent IR‐induced damage in a range of systems, including the hematopoietic system and gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we explored the effects of MLT on whole‐neck irradiation (WNI)‐induced salivary gland damage in mice. The results revealed that by protecting the channel protein AQP‐5, MLT not only alleviates salivary gland dysfunction and maintains salivary flow rate, but also protects salivary gland structure and inhibits the WNI‐induced reduction in mucin production and degree of fibrosis. Compared with WNI‐treated mice, in those receiving MLT, we observed a modulation of oxidative stress in salivary glands via its effects on 8‐OHdG and SOD2, as well as an inhibition of DNA damage and apoptosis. With respect to its radioprotective mechanism, we found that MLT may alleviate WNI‐induced xerostomia partly by regulating RPL18A. In vitro, we demonstrated that MLT has radioprotective effects on salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs). In conclusion, our data this study indicate that MLT can effectively alleviate radiation‐induced damage in salivary glands, thereby providing a new candidate for the prevention of WNI‐induced xerostomia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Amelioration of gamma irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage in mice using melatonin

Ren

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…It is critical to protect mitochondria in order to mitigate radiation effects throughout life. A new radioprotective agent that targets mitochondria was recently investigated [ 142 ]. In irradiated normal human fibroblasts, IR has been shown to prevent GSH-mediated ROS scavenging by inactivation of GPx, resulting in damage to mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic oxidative stress, and prolonged cell injury [ 22 ].…”

Section: Mitochondria-mediated Various Signaling Pathways and Carcino...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways Associated with DNA Damage Responses

Shimura

2023

IJMS

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Under physiological and stress conditions, mitochondria act as a signaling platform to initiate biological events, establishing communication from the mitochondria to the rest of the cell. Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), reactive oxygen species, cytochrome C, and damage-associated molecular patterns act as messengers in metabolism, oxidative stress response, bystander response, apoptosis, cellular senescence, and inflammation response. In this review paper, the mitochondrial signaling in response to DNA damage was summarized. Mitochondrial clearance via fusion, fission, and mitophagy regulates mitochondrial quality control under oxidative stress conditions. On the other hand, damaged mitochondria release their contents into the cytoplasm and then mediate various signaling pathways. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in radiation carcinogenesis was discussed, and the recent findings on radiation-induced mitochondrial signaling and radioprotective agents that targeted mitochondria were presented. The analysis of the mitochondrial radiation effect, as hypothesized, is critical in assessing radiation risks to human health.

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“…The opening of these pores leads to irreversible disruption of mitochondrial functions (Bernardi et al 2015). At the same time, the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is required to maintain the levels of ROS in mitochondria (Shimura et al 2022).…”

Section: Milk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of lipoperoxidation and mitochondrial state on milk yield of dairy cows under technological stress

et al. 2023

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Evaluation of the physiological state of cattle is crucial in creating healthy, high-performing dairy cattle herds. Technological stress is one of the most critical factors determining the biological potential of higher-yielding cows. This work aimed to assess the effect of technological stress on various oxidative parameters and mitochondrial states in dairy cows' blood, milk yield and milk composition. The study was conducted on the black-and-white breed of healthy herds. Regrouping, changing service personnel, and carrying out veterinary and sanitary manipulations were considered technological stress factors. The concentration of cortisol in the blood serum was studied by the immunological method. The concentrations of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates (D.C.), Schiff bases (S.B.), reduced glutathione and catalase activity were measured spectrophotometrically. The mitochondrial state was estimated by laser interference microscopy. While the milk yield, protein and lipid composition of cow milk were studied using an ultrasound analyzer. The researched indicators were analyzed before and for 30 days after the effect of technological stress. Results of the study suggested that technological stress caused an increase in oxidative processes, along with a reduction of antioxidant activity of blood and milk at the initial stages of registration (1-7 days). The concentration of glutathione remained reduced for 30 days after technological stress. A decrease in mitochondrial refractoriness and disintegration accompanied these processes. The milk yield indicator decreased was not restored to the values of intact animals by 30 days after technological stress. Further, the protein and lipid composition also reduced. Thus, a decrease in the quantity and quality of milk under technological stress may be mediated by the development of oxidative stress, which the refractoriness and disintegration of mitochondria might trigger.

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Melatonin and MitoEbselen-2 Are Radioprotective Agents to Mitochondria

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Amelioration of gamma irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage in mice using melatonin

Amelioration of gamma irradiation‐induced salivary gland damage in mice using melatonin

Mitochondrial Signaling Pathways Associated with DNA Damage Responses

Effects of lipoperoxidation and mitochondrial state on milk yield of dairy cows under technological stress

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